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Reconstructing hybridization events between sea turtle species separated by 30 million years: genomic patterns and evolutionary consequences

Projektbeschreibung

Natürliche Hybridisierung von Meeresschildkröten

Während die Wissenschaft noch nach Möglichkeiten sucht, bedrohte Arten zu erhalten, findet an der brasilianischen Küste längst eine natürliche Hybridisierung statt. Die Echte und die Unechte Karettschildkröte, die beide vom Aussterben bedroht sind, bilden Hybride. Sie haben höchst unterschiedliche Genome, denn sie haben sich bereits vor 30 Millionen Jahren auseinanderentwickelt. Im EU-finanzierten Projekt TurtleHyb werden die Ursachen und Folgen dieser Hybridisierung von Meeresschildkröten untersucht. Dazu werden urzeitliche Fälle von Hybridisierung und ihre Verwandtschaft zu heutigen Populationen betrachtet sowie die Genome von Hybrideneltern und ihren Nachkommen analysiert. Durch die gesammelten Daten wird einerseits der Prozess der Hybridisierung dieser Meeresschildkröten klarer und gleichzeitig auch das Verständnis der Hybridisierung von Arten generell.

Ziel

Hawksbills and Loggerheads are two endangered sea turtles species that separated approximately 30 million years ago. Despite this very long divergence time, they are currently hybridizing on the Brazilian coast. Among nesting females morphologically identified as Hawksbills, 42% are F1 hybrids. Hybrids can backcross with both parental species and produce viable offspring. This appears to be a beautiful natural experiment, possibly driven by population decline that favour interspecific mating, to study and understand species hybridization under the extreme conditions of secondary contacts between highly divergent genomes. Here I propose to study causes and consequences of the hybridization in Loggerhead and Hawksbill sea turtles using both whole genomes and RAD sequencing data. I will a) infer timing and intensity of putative ancient hybridization events that may have also occurred in the past, and their relationship with the population size dynamic. Then I will b) dissect the current hybridization event occurring in Brazil, looking for genomic regions associated with reproductive isolation and incompatibilities, and for segregation distortion along the genomes in hybrids parents and hatchlings. The amount of data generated will be unprecedented for sea turtles, will be helpful to identify risks and evolution opportunities of the hybridization process in these turtle species, and will contribute to the general understanding of species hybridization and its genomic aspects. The proposal includes transfer of knowledge to the host institution and the training of the candidate in innovative genomic and statistical techniques. Results will also strengthen the collaborative network of researchers in Europe and the Americas studying sea turtles and their hybridization. This project is in line with current European guidelines to increase knowledge of marine wildlife to protect the environment and adapt to climate change.

Koordinator

UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FERRARA
Netto-EU-Beitrag
€ 183 473,28
Adresse
VIA ARIOSTO 35
44121 Ferrara
Italien

Auf der Karte ansehen

Region
Nord-Est Emilia-Romagna Ferrara
Aktivitätstyp
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
Links
Gesamtkosten
€ 183 473,28