Projektbeschreibung
Geschichte und Arbeit der Kalkulatoren
Die Kalkulatoren waren eine Gruppe von Gelehrten im frühen 14. Jahrhundert, die mit der Sophismata-Tradition in Verbindung standen. Die meisten von ihnen genutzten Logiktechniken wurden auf die Diskussion mathematischer und physikalischer Themen angewandt – hauptsächlich mit dem Ziel, Teile der aristotelischen Physik zu hinterfragen und neu zu überdenken. Ziel des EU-finanzierten Projekts CALCULATORES ist es, einen neuen Blick auf unsere Kenntnisse über die Tradition der Kalkulatoren im akademischen und kulturellen Kontext zu werfen. Das Projekt kombiniert verschiedene Disziplinen, um zu Autoren zu forschen, die in der Geschichte der Philosophie und Wissenschaft eine wichtige Rolle spielten. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Beleuchtung philosophischer Themen mit Bezug zum Wesen der Modalität und der Rolle, die Gedankenexperimente in der philosophischen und wissenschaftlichen Methodologie spielten.
Ziel
The project aims to investigate the tradition of the Oxford Calculators and the influence their works had on early-modern logic and natural philosophy. The Calculators were a group of scholars active in 1325-1350, connected to the tradition of sophismata. An element of novelty in their works is that logical techniques were usually applied to the discussion of mathematical and physical issues. Moreover, their sophismata often involved the use of thought experiments, aimed at challenging and revising parts of the Aristotelian physics, in which many sorts of intricate non-naturalistic cases and impossible scenarios were posited as imaginable. The project firstly aims at reviewing our knowledge of the Calculators’ tradition, along with their academic and cultural context. This will be done mainly through a historical methodology, combining paleographical techniques and archival research. The second objective is to assess whether the Calculators developed a consistent theory of modalities, and how this would be connected to other theories available in the 13th and 14th century. This will require cataloguing and analysing the use of imaginable cases, and individuating the various senses of possibility that are at play in them. A third aim is to evaluate the impact that the Calculators’ works had on early-modern philosophy, and to determine to what extent the Calculators’ achievements in the areas of mathematics and physics (together with their thought-experiment methodology) contributed to the shift from medieval scientific paradigms to a modern view of science. The project combines many disciplines into investigating authors that have played an important - albeit overlooked - role in the history of philosophy and science. Besides its historical interest, the project is related to many significant philosophical issues, such as the ones concerning the nature and varieties of modalities, or the role that thought experiments play in philosophical and scientific methodology.
Wissenschaftliches Gebiet
Schlüsselbegriffe
Programm/Programme
Thema/Themen
Aufforderung zur Vorschlagseinreichung
Andere Projekte für diesen Aufruf anzeigenFinanzierungsplan
MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)Koordinator
43121 PARMA
Italien