In the period from the 1st of January 2020 to the 31st of December 2021, eight antimicrobial peptides were developed by the team at UoB. Mod1 and Mod8 peptides were selected as the most effective antimicrobials. UPHF established a molecular biology synthesis route where the DNA of Mod1 was fused with a collagen-like protein. An emphasis on the production of peptides to support peptides supply to the network was given. At UoB, the chemical and physical modification of metal surfaces progressed significantly with optimisation experiments in progress. GelMA and alginate-based bioinks were developed at UPS. The systems seem diverse and can interact with both metal ions and antimicrobial peptides. Antimicrobial studies are currently in progress. UNITS developed a human elastin-like polypeptide (HELP) construct with antimicrobial domains consisting of a tandem of the modified HBDmod1-R peptide. The synthesis of the construct is now established and antimicrobial testing showed strong antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Biomimetic apatites substituted with 15 % of Zn, 10 % and 0.5 % of Cu and 0.5 % of Ag were synthesized by the coprecipitation method at room temperature and were fully characterised. Optimisation of spin coating with ion-substituted apatites of pretreated TA6V substrates was completed. Silver and zinc nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into the polyglycolide polyelectrolyte multilayers and were fully characterised. Silver and Zinc nanoparticles were also successfully incorporated into Ca deficient hydroxyapatite, as well as coatings of co-deposited silver TiO2 and ZnO by magnetron sputtering, were successfully prepared and characterised. The formation of hierarchical micro/nanopatterns on ceramic, ceramic/polymer composites and metal substrates by ultra-short laser surface treatments to modify topographic parameters and material physicochemical properties for orthopaedic applications was achieved. Laser-induced periodic surface nanostructures (LIPSS), combined with micro modification, created a complex surface structure that exhibited improved antibacterial behaviour. 3D constructs from poly- ε- caprolactone (PCL) and 3D TCP, ZrO2/HA were printed. The laser surface treatments resulted in improved surface characteristics and biological properties without altering the surface physicochemical properties. On the biological evaluation front, emphasis was given to the generation of osteoclasts from magnetically sorted CD14+ human monocytes as well as osteoblast induction of human Mesenchymal Stem cells (MSCs) and MG63 in normal and exosome depleted serum followed by exosome isolation and characterization. The effect of the osteoblast-derived exosomes on osteoclast differentiation was studied. Finally, there was great support from the U.Porto on the antimicrobial and biological evaluation of laser-treated metals, ceramics and polymers prepared by a number of ESRs in the project. AIMed is playing a role in the creation of new standards in the area of antimicrobial properties of implants. This activity progressed during this period by the formation of the new ISO working group 16 by the team in INPT. The team attended several meetings with various ISO committees and has established links with ISO, CEN and ASTM committees. The team reviewed and analysed existing standards and the results obtained by ESR04 and 05 are used to draft expected new standards.