Descrizione del progetto
Variazione genomica nelle grandi scimmie antropomorfe
Per comprendere i processi di variazione genomica, abbiamo la necessità di determinare i genomi di specie antiche e tenere traccia dei cambiamenti durante l’evoluzione. Il progetto ApeGenomeDiversity, finanziato dall’UE, sta concentrando la propria attenzione sulla diversità delle grandi scimmie antropomorfe e, utilizzando campioni antichi, mira a ottenere una visione diretta dei genomi delle popolazioni estinte. Il confronto con campioni provenienti da scimmie moderne consentirà agli scienziati di comprendere l’origine e la dinamica delle varianti genomiche e il modo in cui esse contribuiscono al panorama genomico delle specie viventi. Cosa ancora più importante, il progetto fornirà informazioni sulla storia dei nostri antenati più stretti e sul significato funzionale di specifici eventi di introgressione in evoluzione.
Obiettivo
In our quest to fully understand the processes that shape the genomic variation of species, describing variation of the past is a fundamental objective. However, the origins and the extent of great ape variation, the genomic description of extinct primate species and the genomic footprints of introgression events all remain unknown. Even today, and in contraposition to human evolutionary biology, the almost null presence of ancient great ape samples has precluded a comprehensive exploration of such diversity.
Here, I present two approaches that will expose great ape diversity throughout time and will allow me to compare the genomic impact of introgression events across lineages. First, I would like to take advantage of ancient ape samples that will provide us with a direct view of the genomes of extinct populations. Second, I would like to exploit current and recent diversity to indirectly access the parts of extinct ape genomes that became hybridized with current species in the past. For the latter, we will analyse hundreds of non-invasive samples taken from present-day great apes as well as historical specimens. Altogether, this information will enable me to decipher novel genomes that until now have been lost in time. In this way, I will be able to properly understand the origins and dynamics of genomic variants and to study how admixture has contributed to today´s adaptive landscape.
By completing this proposal and performing analogies to the human lineage, fundamental insights will be revealed about (i) the spatial-temporal history of our closest species and (ii) the functional consequences of introgressed events. On top of that, these results will help to annotate functional consequences of novel mutations in the human genome. In so doing, a fundamental insight will be provided into the evolutionary history of these regions and into human mutations with multiple repercussions in the understanding of evolution and human biology.
Campo scientifico
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
ERC-COG - Consolidator GrantIstituzione ospitante
08002 Barcelona
Spagna