We can unravel some of the mysteries of cosmic evolution with gravitational waves by listening for signals from objects deep in the universe. However, these signals are buried behind a wall of noise. We will break down the wall by using laser interferometers to build ‘active noise cancellation’ allowing us to hear the cosmic symphony.
The primary objectives are to build a new kind of vibration isolation system based on brand new technologies developed within the gravitational-wave community. The '6D interferometric isolator' will approach the fundamental limits imposed by materials and terrestrial gravity. The central component is a single, large reference mass that is sensed in all directions. The reference mass is carefully shielded from all external forces. A large platform surrounds the reference mass and it is actively controlled to keep their separation constant, effectively transferring the inertial stability of the mass to the platform, similar to flying a satellite around a free-floating 'proof' mass.
The major problems being addressed are:
- the strong forces imposed by earth's gravity, and how they limit our ability to measure acceleration, and
- the noise imposed by traditional sensing technologies.
We have come up with solutions that will substantially improve both of these limitations.
The impact for society is twofold. First, any time new, better instrumentation is developed for scientific instruments, it has flow-on effects in high-tech industry. In particular, the semiconductor fabrication industry and ultra-precise microscopy both rely on vibration isolation. This project has the potential to change both of these fields for the better. Second, as with all astronomy-motivated payoff, there is a payoff in 'scientific capital', increasing our understanding of the universe. Astronomy has traditionally been a strong motivator for STEM students, and gravitational-wave astronomy sits at the forefront of the field.
