Descrizione del progetto
Le bocche dei nostri antenati hanno molto da dirci sulle loro società
L’uomo di Neanderthal e l’Homo sapiens condividono un antenato comune, originario dell’Africa. Tuttavia, entrambi si sono evoluti come specie separate per migliaia di anni. Quando l’Homo sapiens lasciò l’Africa per esplorare l’Eurasia, l’uomo di Neanderthal viveva già nel continente da oltre 200 000 anni. Un numero crescente di prove indica che si sono incontrati e persino incrociati. Motivo per cui gli studi comparativi sono interessanti su vari livelli. Il progetto 3DFOSSILDIET, finanziato dall’UE, mette a confronto la crescita e lo sviluppo di entrambe le specie umane attraverso le rispettive bocche. Vale a dire, saranno studiate le differenze alimentari e la complessità comportamentale attraverso lo studio dell’usura dentale, da cui è possibile dedurre la biomeccanica del sistema masticatorio. Le intuizioni forniranno indizi sulle dinamiche sociali e sui nostri processi evolutivi come specie.
Obiettivo
3DFOSSILDIET (Tracing the Ontogenetic Evolution of Diet and Behavior in Neandertals and Anatomically Modern Humans in the Franco-Cantabrian Region. An Integrative study of 3D Tooth Wear Patterns), aims to reconstruct both dietary patterns and biomechanics of the masticatory apparatus during ontogeny (somatic development and growth of an organism throughout its lifetime, from conception to adulthood, a span known as the Life History) in Neandertals and Anatomically Modern Humans in order to trace trophic variation and behavioral complexity, and the following questions will be addressed:
1) How did adult individuals care for sub-adults?
2) How did sub-adults become independent individuals?
3) How were relationships expressed within the groups?
4) Could social patterns reflect our evolutionary success?
This project will implement the use of recently developed virtual methods (Dental Microwear Texture Analysis and Dental Topographic Analysis) for the analysis of both micro- and macro- dental wear patterns in both Neandertals and Anatomically Modern Humans as a proxy to infer biomechanics of the mastication (diet) and general use of the mouth (behavior) along the Life History of both human species.
3DFOSSILDIET is interdisciplinary, bringing together expertise in microscopy, bioarchaeology, isotopic analyses, and paleoanthropology through an integrative methodology to document dental wear. The results will address how and if behavioral changes were reflected across the human groups who lived during Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition at the Franco-Cantabrian Region. Furthermore, the advance of the study of dental wear will provide technological framework for the study of surface modifications of both biological and archaeological materials.
Campo scientifico
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)Coordinatore
39005 Santander
Spagna