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Risultati sfruttabili
The enforced European emission standards expected for EURO 4/1 and EURO 4/2 (PM = 0,02 g/kWh; NOX = 2,0 g/kWh) for HD Truck-Diesel engines can be fulfilled with after treatment technology only. But it was demonstrated in this project that one of the conflicting targets NOX/PM can be achieved with internal measures.
NOX-limits of 2,0 g/kWh can be (in principle) achieved with EGR. But EGR-rates of 20%-25% are necessary even at full load. This causes high PM-emissions with the need of a further improved efficiency of DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) of about 90%-95 % or/and increased boost pressure up to 4.2 bar to guarantee an air fuel ratio l (3) 1,6. The increased boost pressure demands for further developments of the charging system (VNT) and for increased peak cylinder pressure up to 220 bar. Since cooled EGR is needed, EGR cooler have to be developed.
The very low PM limits for EURO 4 (0,02 g/kWh ESC and 0,03 g/kWh ETC) can be achieved with advanced start of injection, further improved injection systems with respect to injection history and max. injection pressure and the SCR-technology (selective catalytic reduction).
The strategy demands for further improved charging systems and engine technologies for cylinder peak pressure up to 220-230 bar.
With respect to engine efficiency this technology is the most promising one because the NOX/fuel consumption conflict can be separated and a reduction of about 5% fuel consumption (related to EURO 3 basis) seems to be possible despite extremely reduced PM and NOX limits.
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