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Alternative to methyl bromide using resistant prunus rootstocks to root-knot nematodes

Obiettivo

This FAIR proposal complies with subarea 441 (plant health): improvement of non-chemical methods (genetic resistance) for the most harmful organisms and the crops requiring the heaviest treatments, and particularly more environmentally friendly alternatives to the utilisation of methyl bromide (MB). Application of biotechnology.

Prunus crops (nurseries and orchards) are severely affected under Mediterranean conditions by root-knot nematodes (RKN) Meloidogyne spp. (15% loss in vigor and yield on a worldwide basis). Because of the increase of national and internatio exchanges, ligneous Prunus plants from nurseries are the most common means for dissemination of these extremely polyphagous pests. RKN are exclusively controlled by soil treatments involving the most toxic active ingredients in Agriculture (fumigant: methyl bromide; non volatil: aldicarb) that are used at high dosages and often systematically in nurseries and in intensive orchards.

In stone fruits, the variety is grafted on a rootstock that can be of a different species (edible, ornamental or wild) or of an interspecific hybrid and the potential of rootstock genetic improvement particularly for disease resistance through breeding and selection is important. Thus using RKN-resistant rootstocks constitute a sound and realistic alternative to the chemical control practice for all Prunus fruit bearing species (stone fruits: peach, almond, plum, apricot...).

The Ma genes from Myrobalan plum completely suppress RKN multiplication, by confering a completespectrum, high and stable resistance to Meloidogyne spp. As RKN are one of the causes of wounds for Agrobacterium tumefaciens penetration, Ma genes can confer plant protection from root crown gall, another major soil pathogen of Prunus. Furthermore, peach sources of resistance also bear genes that can be identified, marked and pyramided with Ma genes. Simple and complex interspecific hybrids involving one or more sources and Prunus material bearing agronomic adaptation are now available.

This joint effort aims at an efficient alternative to methyl bromide by incorporating RKN resistance genes into new rootstocks. Expected benefits are
i) a complete suppression of RKN soil fumigations avoiding their adverse effect on the environment
ii) a clean and complete control of the nematode pest based only on natural genetic resources
iii) a suppression of the nematode dissemination in agricultural soils from nurseries
iv) an innovative use of biotechnologies on a perennial crop for which genetic improvement is highly time consuming
v) a reduction of inputs in stone fruit crop production.

This integrated approach involves 5 public participants (nematologists, breeders, molecular geneticists and agronomists). The proposal has two specific objectives:
1) develop marker-aided selection (MAS) for RKN resistance genes in Myrobalan-plum and peach sources,
2) characterize interspecific material
i) for RKN resistance using MAS and
ii) for agronomical traits.

The availability of preliminary data (RAPD markers) in Myrobalan plum and the disposal of interspecific material to confirm the reliability of markers should provide the MAS methodology at the end of the project. Moreover, the germplasm collection and the eventual Ma-genes cloning for biotechnological applications will guarantee in the future the successful incorporation of RKN resistance genes into all new rootstocks for stone fruits.

Campo scientifico (EuroSciVoc)

CORDIS classifica i progetti con EuroSciVoc, una tassonomia multilingue dei campi scientifici, attraverso un processo semi-automatico basato su tecniche NLP. Cfr.: Il Vocabolario Scientifico Europeo.

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Coordinatore

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE
Contributo UE
Nessun dato
Indirizzo
123, Bd Francis Meilland
06600 ANTIBES
Francia

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Partecipanti (4)

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