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Risultati sfruttabili
Major achievements of the project, as discussed in the report are:
- Coherent demonstration of the technical feasibility of nuclear desalination through the elaboration of high performance coupling schemes for optimum cogeneration of electricity and water and by exploring the unique capabilities of the innovative nuclear reactors and desalination technologies.
- Verification that the integrated system design does not adversely affect nuclear reactor safety.
- Development of codes and methods for an objective economic assessment of the competitiveness and sustainability of proposed options through comparison, in European conditions, with fossil and renewable energy based systems.
The technical approach implemented in the project is essentially based on the employment of two innovative reactor concepts: the GT-MHR (GT-MHR 1999), and the AP-600 (IAEA, 1996), coupled to selected desalination processes. To compare the integrated system performances, an operating 900 MWe French PWR (PWR-900) was also studied as a reference base case. For the purposes of comparison, two fossil energy fuelled power plants were also considered: the Gas Turbine Combined Cycle plant (CC-700), producing 700 MWe and the Pulverised Coal plant, producing 600 MWe, (PC-600). For the same reason, approximate first results of desalination costs by renewable energy based systems such as Solar Photovoltaic (SV), Solar Thermal (ST) and Wind (W), have also been included.
Choice, concerning the desalination processes, has deliberately been confined to the MED (Multiple Effect Distillation) and RO (Reverse Osmosis), in view of their wide utilisation, prospects for further improvements and generally lower costs as compared to other processes. (IAEA, 1992). For comparison, the ROph process has also been included.
ROph is an advanced RO process based on the utilisation of waste heat from the nuclear reactor to preheat the feed-water for RO. This innovation results in significant cost reduction because of the improved permeate flow and the consequent higher water production rates as compared to traditional RO.
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