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Karen Elliott House, Wall Street Journal publisher, says her newspaper's website goes from strength to strength - almost 700,000 subscribers at $80 a year. The New York Times constantly strengthens its site with extra content, news, entertainment, reviews, even games. The Financial Times, has cut site staff but remains committed to web journalism as are many other major newspapers while the BBC adopts a highly interactive approach. Systematic coverage of new developments in multimedia news was the aim of the MUDIA project's studies sponsored by the IST programme.
MUDIA pinpointed two main discussion areas: technological processes and new forms of consumption/ production, and the meaning of news in the multimedia world. It looked at policy and the role of public bodies in stimulating new developments, the media business including issues of supply and demand in the multimedia news industry, and the role of the media in society. The initiatives described in the MUDIA reports rely heavily upon evidence collected in MUDIA's Research Brief series.
Researching the multimedia news industry
The briefs focused on multimedia experiments, new technology trends, and news flow systems. The studies, hopefully, will also serve as a research manual for it has been recognised that systematic and independent research into key developments has often been hindered by unwillingness of the professional multimedia news sector to 'get involved' in the critical analysis of their tools and objectives.
The research brief form and the data collected have provided the vehicle for future analysis of the multimedia news industry. Several of the MUDIA studies enjoyed attention from the wider market, comprising national and international press, policy makers, industry and academia. This was apparent at all levels of policy-making, from local industry strategy to European-level policy-making.
Until now, there has been a distinct lack of resources to enable organisations become involved in socio-economic research necessary to ensure that the European media adapts successfully to changes in technological and business environments. MUDIA is not alone, but it sought to highlight central issues that need to be overcome if the industry is to benefit from the research sector. Following the work of MUDIA, industry has indicated its readiness to continue cooperation, and take an active stance in these matters and even participate in follow-up activities.
Significant data was collected during the project's lifetime to signify a new, or different view of the meaning of the concept of news. News, in the Internet world, can be seen to be far more encompassing than that of the traditional print and broadcast worlds.
Progress in recent years has been unstoppable; the number of Internet users that actually use the Internet to find information has been growing, if not exponentially as some research concludes, then at least, dramatically. The Internet in the UK, for example, has become a major source for entertainment, news and views. It came behind television and radio, but ahead of newspapers and magazines as a source of news.
Newspapers have also been faced with a demographic challenge; according to research by UK ISP Freesurf, youngsters (age range 16-34) reportedly spend as much as 15 times longer reading news on the Internet than in newspapers. Similarly, according to a Pew Charitable Foundation study, in the US 64 million Americans access the Internet every day.
Online and mobile
Convergence of traditionally different channels in one system was another area examined by MUDIA. Mobile connection to the Internet is now also becoming a reality through use of the wireless technology, GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), high-speed modem connections and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs). Alternative methods of reading or viewing news include teletext, videotext, and ebooks.
Software and hardware manufacturers are showing signs of renewed, albeit cautious optimism about the future of Internet multimedia manufacturers. Those developing advanced third generation technology, such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS), see light at the end of the tunnel.
UMTS will bring news and much more to mobile phones. British Airways has been allowing broadband technology between Heathrow to New York's JFK with first and economy class passengers surfing the net, checking their emails and accessing their corporate intranet. Lufthansa already allows this on Frankfurt-Washington.
Two years after the burst of the Internet bubble, some of the gloom and doom is lifting. UMTS, regarded as a ruinous folly by shareholders in European telecoms operators who paid many billions of euros to government for licenses, has regained favour.
At the recent world GSM congress in Cannes, the heads of Ericsson, Siemens and Nokia said third generation was "on its way". Ericsson predicted close to three billion euros in investments in technology in 2003. The importance of mobile channels continues to grow with 3G.
The rise of the smart phone, in part driven by move towards 3G, epitomises the convergence of two technologies (computing and communication). This growth enables communication and information to be carried out in much more personal spaces.
Digital technologies have not only changed processes, but also peoples' role in these processes. Organisational change in media companies has led to greater autonomy for journalists. One particular example is that of http://www.correspondent.com, which gives journalists an online market in which to operate as freelancers. It has also led to many tensions between management and staff in the newsroom, be it print or broadcast. The MUDIA study entitled "The European Media News Landscape" deals with these issues directly from the perspective of the newsroom.
New agreements are being made with journalists, to enable them to carry out many more activities, supplemental to their core role.
The BBC has taken steps in this area, along with many other organisations. Another example, cited in other MUDIA studies is the case of Vilaweb, where journalists claim to write for a database and not for a specific medium. The writing from the database is then used on the web, and also on their television station.
The role of government organisations in creating news is also examined. MUDIA asked the question: "Who gets to speak in the news?" an increasingly important issue today, they assert, given the amount of control that public relations offices, amongst others, have on timetables and storylines of major news broadcasters and publishers.
The MUDIA research brief form should lead to a broad network which will follow the developments of EU-funded projects, as well as projects funded from other sources. In effect, the establishment of a network could expand to research students at various universities across the EU, to help provide students with experience of writing short pieces of investigation into the impact of new technologies on the multimedia news sector.
Given that Connecting the Worlds of Research and Industry was the principal aim of the Research Brief series, it seems only logical that the MUDIA Briefs not only disseminated information from academia, but also encouraged media managers to think along the lines of research, particularly with regard to technology and processes being undertaken in the news media world.
The MUDIA project has sought to overcome artificial boundaries by bringing partners from industry into direct contact with the research world. Acceptance of such an instrument for information dissemination must come from the professional organisations and also from the research world. A follow-up project, 2MUDIA, is planned to continue this work.
Promoted by: IST Results Service
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