The cell's powerhouse linked to neuron action
Mitochondria are organelles that convert energy for use by cells. This positive energy comes in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is needed in large amounts for neurons to regulate neurotransmission. ATP is also critical to many proteins and processes involved in maintaining brain plasticity. This has to do with how neurons adapt their form and function in reaction to normal or abnormal changes. Besides ATP synthesis, mitochondria are key regulators of various other factors that may be involved in mechanisms facilitating proper neuronal and synaptic plasticity. These factors include apoptosis (programmed cell death), calcium homeostasis, steroid synthesis and production of free radicals – all also implicated in degenerative diseases. The 'Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: towards new therapeutics' (Mitotarget) project aims to better understand how such mitochondrial dysfunction affects the advent of neurodegeneration. Mitotarget's overall goal is to determine whether the processes underlying mitochondrial dysfunction can be altered by introducing new therapeutic agents that target relevant neurons and supporting cells. One such therapeutic agent is olesoxime (TRO19622), which has already been proved to promote the healthy functioning and survival of neurons and other cell types in related disease conditions. Clinical trials have shown the compound is well tolerated, effective and safe. In further testing, olesoxime will be added to riluzole, the drug used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. In fulfilling its objectives, the Mitotarget project will provide enhanced insight into the role of mitochondrial functioning in neuronal plasticity and the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Project results will also give the impetus for further research into how such compounds can be used to treat patients suffering from other neurodegenerative diseases.
