Comprehensive evaluation of nanoparticle toxicity
A growing body of evidence suggests that ENMs pose significant risk to human health and the environment. Further, the picture is quite complicated, requiring well controlled studies to untangle the relationships among nanomaterial properties, bioreactivity, bioavailability and toxicity to target organs or cells. The international, interdisciplinary and strategic EU-funded research project 'The reactivity and toxicity of engineered nanoparticles risks to the environment and human health' (NANORETOX) was uniquely designed to address these complex issues. Researchers placed equal emphasis on nanomaterial synthesis and characterisation and on human and environmental toxicity. Scientists synthesised a variety of inorganic metal-based ENMs (Me-ENMs) in a controlled fashion to statistically vary physicochemical properties. They then subjected them to a comprehensive battery of toxicological tests to assess molecular and cellular reactivity in aquatic species and in cells and cell lines originating from different human target organs. NANORETOX delivered a conceptual model for hazard evaluation and risk assessment both for human health and the environment. Scientists also prepared safety guidelines for nanotechnology workers as well as a formal risk communication strategy. The ambitious project has made an inestimable contribution to the safe design and manufacture of components and devices using Me-ENMs. Outcomes are certain to play an important role in the development of appropriate legislation that will ensure continued positive impact on human health and the environment.
