Description du projet
Les particularités des particules dans les textes grecs et hittites
Dans les textes grecs les plus anciens (Mycènes, inscriptions, poésie épique et lyrique), les particules án et ken sont utilisées. Le projet PaGHEMMo, financé par l’UE, étudiera les fonctions originales et l’étymologie de ces particules dans la tradition grecque ancienne précédant la prose attique. Il examinera également les utilisations des particules man, -san et -kan dans les textes en vieux hittite (1650-1450 avant notre ère) et les comparera à celles des particules grecques. Dans les textes grecs, les particules pouvaient être combinées avec un mode (optatif ou subjonctif) alors qu’en hittite, ces modes ne sont pas attestés; ce sont les particules nues qui exprimaient la modalité. Les résultats du projet montreront le parcours diachronique de la modalité d’expression et la possibilité de reconstruire cette catégorie pour la protolangue indo-européenne.
Objectif
This proposal investigates the original meaning and uses of the particles án and ken in the earliest Greek texts (epic and lyric poetry and inscriptions, VIII-VI BC, there are no examples in Mycenaean, XIII BC) and their interaction with mood and modality, the use of the particles man, san and kan in the Old-Hittite texts (1650-1450 BC) and the comparison between the particles in Greek and Hittite, and to what extent the subordination plays a role in the use of the Greek particles. The use of the modal particle án with the different moods is strictly regulated in Classical Greek (V-IV BC), but epic and lyric Greek, and other dialects án, use ken or ka, and the rules seem less rigid. So far no study addressed the use of these particles in the oldest Greek texts. I gather the data, determine if they are secured by the metre, tag and catalogue them per tense, mood, type of sentence (negative, affirmative, main clause, subordinate and type of subordinate clause) and type of text (narrative, speech) and analyse the use(s). While Greek has a rich system of moods and particles, Hittite has only two moods and conveys the non-realis meaning through the particle man, but also san and kan can specify the verb. Kan is said to be related to ken and becomes the default particle in later texts replacing san, but in Old-Hittite texts san is more common. The original meaning of san and kan is debated. I gather the instances of kan and san, catalogue them per text and sentence type, and investigate the meaning. Then I compare the use of these particles with verbs to Greek ken. Finally, I investigate the link between the Greek particles and subordination. The particles are attested more in subordinate than in main clauses and in some subordinate clauses they are used more often than in others. There are two questions: were the particles used as subordination markers or can the paratactic origin of the subordinate constructions explain their use.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)Coordinateur
37129 Verona
Italie