Description du projet
Déposer des pièces de monnaie sur les morts
L’obole de Charon était une coutume funéraire largement pratiquée dans le monde gréco-romain. Elle consistait à placer une pièce de monnaie dans la bouche ou près du corps du défunt en guise de paiement pour Charon, le passeur des Enfers. Le projet MORTI, financé par l’UE, étudiera l’obole de Charon et l’évolution des mentalités postclassiques dans le temps. Plus précisément, le projet utilisera des méthodes d’enregistrement et de correspondance statistique multivariée pour analyser des centaines de pièces de monnaie provenant de plus de 120 nécropoles datées entre le 3e et le 11e siècle. Cela permettra de faire la lumière sur l’utilisation et la signification de la monnaie dans les pratiques funéraires postclassiques. Le projet examinera également la relation entre la monnaie et les caractéristiques personnelles des morts, qu’il s’agisse de l’âge, du sexe ou de l’appartenance sociale et religieuse.
Objectif
Placing coins as grave offerings was one of the most common, and is among the most widely studied, funerary pagan practices in the Roman world. Charon’s obol was the toll that souls had to pay to be ferried to the netherworld. The deposition of coins in tombs did not cease with the Christianisation of the Roman world, and the extension, prevalence (in terms of geographical areas, types of burial, etc.) and meaning of this practice during the Middle Ages are unclear. The main aim of MORTI is to interpret the use and meaning of coinage in post-classical funerary practices through its full archaeological contextualisation and the study of its relationship with the personal traits of the individuals they were buried with (sex, age, social and religious affiliation, etc.). Northern Italy is an ideal region where to carry out this project; it is no only a key region to understand the transformations undergone by the Mediterranean world after the fall of the Roman Empire (militarisation of society and settlements, Gothic and Lombard kingdoms, the struggle between Arrians and Catholics, commercial exchange, etc.); it has also been subject to specific studies about post-classical funerary practices (CAMIS, CARE) leading to over 15,000 data entries that are of interest for the project. MORTI will use this record and statistical multivariate correspondence methods to analyse circa 800 coins from over 120 necropolis dated to between the 3rd and 11th centuries. This analysis will specifically examine the phenomenon of Charon’s obol, and more broadly the characteristics of funerary ritual and the evolution of post-classical mentalities over time. MORTI will create new links between numismatics and funerary archaeology, as well as opening a wide array of research and professional avenues to the applicant.
Champ scientifique
Mots‑clés
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)Coordinateur
35122 Padova
Italie