Environmentally Friendly Aviation for all Classes of Aircraft

Informazioni relative al progetto

EFACA

ID dell’accordo di sovvenzione: 101056866

DOI

10.3030/101056866

Data della firma CE 14 Dicembre 2022

Data di avvio 1 Gennaio 2023

Data di completamento 31 Dicembre 2026

Finanziato da

• Climate, Energy and Mobility

Costo totale

€ 3 803 169,50

Contributo UE

€ 3 803 168,00

Coordinato da

PEDECE PROJECTO EMPREENDIMENTOS DESENVOLVIMENTO E EQUIPAMENTOS CIENTIFICOS E DE ENGENHARIA UNIPESSOAL LDA
Portugal

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Risultati finali

Documents, reports (27)

Design of schemes for supplying energy to HTEP

Deliverable will develop a number of layouts to power the HTEP and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these layouts.

Specifications for Advisory Board

This document will describe the expected contribution of the Advisory Board, such as the revision of documents, participation in meetings, etc. It will be discussed in the Kick off meeting.

Shaping the GTE concept, selection of parameters and design scheme. Determination of GTE mass. Shaping the propeller concept, selection of parameters and design scheme. Determination of propeller mass

Deliverable will identify the parameters of the main engine components, the basic geometric parameters of the air-gas duct, the engine design diagram, developed a mathematical model of the engine, the choice of control laws and determined parameters in the main design points, selected design diagram of the engine, the evaluation of its mass and overall dimensions.Deliverable will also define the parameters of the propeller; the basic geometric parameters of the propeller; the method of controlling the propeller; the design scheme of the propeller, the evaluation of its mass and overall dimensions.

Requirements for HTEP elements

Deliverable will identify critical mass and size requirements (for all elements), required power and fuel consumption for the gas turbine engine, electric engine power and efficiency, required propeller parameters, and required FC performance parameters for HTEP elements.

Analysis of the Liquid hydrogen system for aero engine applications

The report describes the technical results of the process simulation of the systems comprising liquid hydrogen tank, cryogenic pump, and vaporizer for use in both gas turbines and fuel cells, which differ, among others, in the pressurization level. The results include also the main technical specification for the main equipment listed above. This deliverable refers to Task 3.1.

Report on the realization of the liquefaction, storage and vaporization test rig and on the update of the combustion test rig

This report describes the design criteria and the design work of the liquefaction, storage and vaporization test rig. Moreover, it describes the construction procedure, focusing on the issues encountered and the solutions adopted. This report refers to Task 3.3.

Report the promising technologies to reduce aviation noise exposure at airports around the EU and world

The currently investigated promising technologies (EU Clean Sky and Clean Aviation programs, USA FAA and NASA programs CLEEN and ASCENT) will be evaluated.

Results of aircraft emission inventory estimation for current fleet and projected trends of aviation neutrality by 2050

Assessment of aircraft contribution to global emission for current fleet and updated fleet for the CAEP/EUROCONTROL mid-and long-term forecasting scenarios will be delivered. Inventory assessment will be provided for the classes of aircraft

Review of existing proposals in the field of creating hybrid turbo-electric propulsions for regional aircraft using fuel cells

Review and analysis of existing and currently developed hybrid propulsion systems for aviation applications, including fuel cells (FC). Technical problems of their production and operation. Advantages and disadvantages of existing and currently developed hybrid propulsion systems.

Results of aircraft noise assessment at aircraft, airport and fleet levels with complementarily analysis of their calculation and measuring tools

Assessment of aircraft noise exposure at airport level for current fleet and updated fleet for the CAEP/EUROCONTROL mid-and long-term forecasting scenarios will be delivered. Noise exposure assessment will be realised by calculations at airport level due to change in aircraft design and fleet transformation till 2050.

Types and roles of battery powered aircraft

This deliverable will analyse relevant technologies in detail, bearing in mind that they may be different for distinct classes of aircraft. It will also address other issues, gaps or risks factors precluding the proper and timely development and implementation of the market of electrical small short range aircrafts powered by batteries. It will be the outcome of task 6.2 Batteries production and disposal sustainable life cycle

Exploitation and IPR management Plan and reporting activities

Description of the overall exploitation strategy and follow-up activities reporting of the consortium and the actions to be carried out by each partner. Detailed outline of the actions until the end of the project and in the 2 years following the project’s end.Description of the guidelines for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) management as derived from the EFACA Grant Agreement and Consortium Agreement. A procedure is presented covering identification of potential innovations, documentation, tracking and protection of Intellectual Property derived from the EFACA project.(i) 1st report: M6; (ii) 2nd report: M18; (iii) 3rd report: M36; (iv) 4th report: M48

Report the promising technologies to reduce global aviation emission

The currently investigated promising technologies for fuel burn and engine emission reduction (EU Clean Sky and Clean Aviation programs, USA FAA and NASA programs CLEEN and ASCENT) will be evaluated

Management and Coordination Handbook

This document will guide and support the management and implementation of EFACA, deploying all the relevantinformation and tools for this purpose.

Application of battery technologies to aircraft

This deliverable will study the current state, as well as the potential and limitations of the battery power for small short-range aircraft including UAM. It will be the outcome of task 6.1 Advances in battery technology

Technical and economic indicators of the systems.

Technical specifications and associated operating procedures and costs of acquisition and maintenance.

Preliminary shaping of the concept and typical flight profile of the aircraft with HTEP. Preliminary requirements for HTEP

Deliverable will tentatively conceptualize the aircraft, taking into account HTEP with fuel cells, forming preliminary requirements for HTEP with respect to safety issues and its operation when flying from sea level to cruising altitude

Shaping the FC concept of hydrocarbon fuel – electrical energy

Deliverable will define the basic parameters of FC, develop the FC design concept with an estimate of its mass and overall dimensions; form the conditions for FC placement in the aircraft design, taking into account the hydrogen feed scheme.

Rationale for the choice of design solutions in the development of liquid hydrogen in aircraft fuel systems.

Components of the liquid hydrogen system from storage tank to combustion chamber. Available technologies to meet cryogenic requirements of the liquid hydrogen.

Shaping the FC concept of hydrogen – electrical energy

Deliverable will define the basic parameters of FC, develop a FC design concept with an estimate of its mass and overall dimensions; form the conditions for FC placement in the aircraft design, taking into account the hydrogen feed scheme.

Shaping the vaporizer concept, determination of its mass

Deliverable will develop the concept of the evaporator, taking into account the possible design and layout, the type of hot coolant; investigate the features of the hydrogen boiling process using experimental data and CFD modeling; determine the design of the evaporator and its mass and dimensions.

Report on hydrogen-fired propulsion

The report describes the process simulation of pure-hydrogen fired gas turbines, touching also on the expected issues of flame stability and NOx formation. This deliverable refers to Task 3.2.

Data Management Plan

A DMP describes the data management life cycle for the data to be collected, processed and/or generated by EFACA project. Detailed information on the procedures that will be implemented by the EFACA complying with national and EU legislation will be provided.(i) 1st report: M6; (ii) 2nd report: M18; (iii) 3rd report: M36; (iv) 4th report: M48

Communication and Dissemination Plan

Definition of how, when and where to communicate the project’s activities and results to a wide range of target groups. Will include the general communication activities (common to the whole consortium) and the contribution of all partners, as each partner will complete a table with their planned dissemination events and their possibilities of “spreading the word” about the project. Communication materials: Project logo and identity, leaflet, poster, roll-up, templates will be developed.

Current pathways for SAF production

Description of the situation in Europe and worldwide about the production of SAF with emphasis on the new pathways approval and the perspectives on the emerging techniques (Task 9.1).

Selection of criteria for evaluating HTEP schemes

Deliverable will review existing comprehensive criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of a propulsion system as part of an aircraft. New criteria for evaluating HTEP efficiency are selected or proposed, with environmental friendliness in mind.

Recommendations to the project, safety instructions and environmental safety when using hydrogen.

Operating aspects of liquid hydrogen including volatility, flammability, venting, modes of operation and safety.

Pubblicazioni

Peer reviewed articles (9)

Novel two-phase based cooling systems for fuel cell electric aircraft

Autori: Jan Friedrich Hellmuth, Philipp Rainer Menke, Arne Graf von Schweinitz, Patrick Koschel, Wilhelm Tegethoff, Michael Heere, Christiane Thomas, Jürgen Köhler
Pubblicato in: Applied Thermal Engineering, Numero 280, 2026, ISSN 1359-4311
Editore: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPLTHERMALENG.2025.127275

ADS-B data usage for aircraft noise and air quality modelling and measurement during specific stages of LTO cycle

Autori: K.Kazhan, K. Synylo, O. Zaporozhets S. Karpenko
Pubblicato in: International Journal Sustainable Aviation, 2023
Editore: N/A
DOI: 10.1504/IJSA.2023.127489

Analysis of fuel consumption and noise of a regional turbopropeller aircraft with a hybrid power plant

Autori: Vitalii Makarenko, Vadim Tokarev, Kateryna Kazhan, Kateryna Synylo, Olexandr Yakushenko, Oleksandr Zaporozhets
Pubblicato in: International Journal of Sustainable Aviation, ISSN 0000-0000
Editore: Inderscience Publishers
DOI: 10.1504/IJSA.2024.142562

Integrating ADS-B Data for Enhanced Airport Noise Modeling and Environmental Management

Autori: Kateryna Kazhan
Pubblicato in: Transactions on Aerospace Research, ISSN 0000-0000
Editore: Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Aviation in Warsaw.
DOI: 10.2478/TAR-2025-0003

STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF A MULTI-COMPONENT AND MULTI-PHASE QUEUING SYSTEM UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN AIR TRANSPORTATION

Autori: O. Zaporozhets M. Katsman V. Matsiuk ZAPOROZHETS, O.; KATSMAN, M.; MATSIUK, V.; MYRONENKO, V.
Pubblicato in: Reliability: Theory & Applications, ISSN 0000-0000
Editore: Reliability Theory Applications
DOI: 10.24412/1932-2321-2024-278-576-593

Multi-Dimensional Inorganic Electrode Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Autori: Musab Hammas Khan, Patrizia Lamberti, Vincenzo Tucci
Pubblicato in: Inorganics, Numero 13, 2025, ISSN 2304-6740
Editore: MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/INORGANICS13020062

Substantiating The Expediency of Using Hydrogen Fuel Cells In Electricity Generation

Autori: Boichenko S., Danilin O., Shkilniuk I., Yakovlieva A., Khotian A., Pavlovskyi M., Lysak Roksolana, Shamanskyi S., Kriuchkov A., Tarasiuk O.
Pubblicato in: Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2023
Editore: N/A
DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2023.280046

Improving the calculation module for estimating pollutant emission from conventional and hybrid regional aircraft

Autori: Synylo K.,Makarenko V., Krupko A., Tokarev V
Pubblicato in: Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2024
Editore: N/A
DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2024.302793

Development of a cognitive model for the analysis of relationships in the airport environmental management system

Autori: Horobtsov, I., Cherniak, L., Radomska, M., Tykhenko, O., & Synylo, K.
Pubblicato in: Ecological Safety and Balanced Use of Resources Journal, 2023
Editore: N/A
DOI: 10.31471/2415-3184-2023-14(2)-09

Book chapters (10)

Modeling the Noise Characteristics of a Regional Turboprop Hybrid Electric Aircraft

Autori: Oleksandr Zaporozhets, Vitalii Makarenko, Vadim Tokarev, Kateryna Kazhan, Kateryna Synylo
Pubblicato in: Sustainable Aviation, The Future of Electric Aviation and Artificial Intelligence, 2024
Editore: Springer Nature Switzerland
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62094-2_23

Sustainable Aviation Fuels and Their Use for Long-Range Aircraft

Autori: Renata Adami, Patrizia Lamberti, Maria Sarno, Vincenzo Tucci
Pubblicato in: Sustainable Aviation, The Future of Electric Aviation and Artificial Intelligence, 2024
Editore: Springer Nature Switzerland
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62094-2_11

An Overview of the Possibilities, Current Status, and Limitations of Battery Technologies to Electrify Aviation

Autori: Rosa Maria Arnaldo Valdés, Victor Fernando Gómez Comendador, Maria Zamarreño Suarez, Francisco Perez Moreno, Raquel Delgado-Aguilera Jurado
Pubblicato in: Sustainable Aviation, The Future of Electric Aviation and Artificial Intelligence, 2024
Editore: Springer Nature Switzerland
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62094-2_12

Noise Assessment Scenarios for New Airplane Climate Efficient Designs

Autori: Kateryna Kazhan, Vitalii Makarenko, Vadym Tokarev, Kateryna Synylo, Oleksander Zaporozhets, Andrzej Chyla, Michal Bukala
Pubblicato in: Sustainable Aviation, The Future of Electric Aviation and Artificial Intelligence, 2024
Editore: Springer Nature Switzerland
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62094-2_19

Aircraft Emission and Fuel Burn Assessment Scenarios at Local and Global Levels

Autori: K. Synylo, O. Zaporozhets, A. Krupko, K. Kazhan, V. Makarenko, V. Tokarev, S. Karpenko
Pubblicato in: Sustainable Aviation, The Future of Electric Aviation and Artificial Intelligence, 2024
Editore: Springer Nature Switzerland
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62094-2_18

Highly Accurate and Confident Basic Aircraft Noise Assessment Scenario

Autori: A. Chyla, M. Bukala, K. Kazhan, V. Makarenko, V. Tokarev, O. Zaporozhets
Editore: MDPI
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62094-2_25

Review of Liquid Hydrogen Tanks’ Design Principles for Short- and Medium-Range Civil Flights

Autori: Abdullah Bamoshmoosh, Gianluca Valenti
Pubblicato in: Sustainable Aviation, The Future of Electric Aviation and Artificial Intelligence, 2024
Editore: Springer Nature Switzerland
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62094-2_16

Global and Local Emission Factors of New Aircraft Design

Autori: K.Synylo, A.Krupko,V. Makarenko, O. Zaporozhets
Pubblicato in: "Book of abstracts of X International Scientific-Technical Conference ""THEORY AND PRACTICE OF RATIONAL USE OF TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND LUBRICANTS"""
Editore: Scientific edition

Turboprop Aircraft Improvement for Clean Aviation Requirements and Goals

Autori: V. Makarenko, O.Yakushenko, V.Tokarev, K.Kazhan, K. Synylo, O. Zaporozhets
Pubblicato in: "Book of abstracts of X International Scientific-Technical Conference ""THEORY AND PRACTICE OF RATIONAL USE OF TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND LUBRICANTS"""
Editore: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.1007/978

Reference Aircraft Noise Model for the New Supersonic Airplane Design with Corrected Noise Propagation and Engine Installation Effect Contributions

Autori: Oleksandr Zaporozhets, Vitalii Makarenko, Vadim Tokarev, Kateryna Kazhan
Pubblicato in: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Advances in Civil Aviation Systems Development, 2025
Editore: Springer Nature Switzerland
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-91992-3_13

Conference proceedings (22)

Hybrid Nanocomposite (Mxenes, Graphene, and Silicon) Anodes for Grid-Scale Lithium-Ion Batteries

Autori: Musab Hammas Khan, Patrizia Lamberti, Vincenzo Tucci
Pubblicato in: 2025 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2025 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), 2025
Editore: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/EEEIC/ICPSEUROPE64998.2025.11169152

Reducing global and local impacts by new aircraft designing including influence of gaseous oxides, particles and contrails

Autori: K.Synylo, V.Makarenko, A.Krupko,O.Zaporozhets,O.Yakushenko, V.Tokarev
Pubblicato in: 2025
Editore: EUCASS

Analysis of the effect of water injection and the use of hydrogen as a fuel on the efficiency of an aviation hybrid turboelectric power plant within the EFACA project

Autori: Yurii Ulitenko, Maksym Kirichkov, Igor Kravchenko
Editore: Proceedings of the EUCASS 2025
DOI: 10.13009/EUCASS2025-409

Noise impact of hybrid-electric aircraft: key features and future outlook

Autori: Kazhan К.І., Makarenko V.M, Tokarev V.I.
Pubblicato in: Proceedings of ІІ International Scientific and Methodical Conference “Protection of the population, territories and critical infrastructure objects – education, science, practice”, Kyiv, May 22 – 23, 2025
Editore: І International Scientific and Methodical Conference “Protection of the population, territories and critical infrastructure objects – education, science, practice

Experimental investigation of the isothermal flow field in an air staged multiswirl 100% hydrogen burner

Autori: Francesca Iapaolo and Fabio Cozzi
Pubblicato in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Editore: IOP Publishing
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/3063/1/012007

An Overview of the Possibilities, Current Status, and Limitations of Battery Technologies to Electrify Aviation (KS13)

Autori: Rosa Maria Arnaldo Valdés*, Victor Fernando Gómez Comendador, Maria Zamarreño, Suarez, Francisco Perez Moreno, and Raquel Delgado-Aguilera Jurado
Pubblicato in: International Symposium on Electric Aircraft and Autonomous Systems, 2024, ISSN 0000-0000
Editore: IOP SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2716/1/012012

ISEAS’23 Abstract Book

Autori: T. Hikmet KARAKOÇ Oleksandr ZAPOROZHETS Andrzej LESKI Ali Haydar ERCAN Alper DALKIRAN
Pubblicato in: International Symposium on Electric Aircraft and Autonomous Systems, 2023, ISSN 0000-0000
Editore: N/A

VALDES evaluation platform for new aircraft designs within environmental priorities

Autori: Oleksandr Zaporozhets
Pubblicato in: IST25-66
Editore: MDPI

The Future of Electric Aviation and Artificial Intelligence

Autori: T. Hikmet Karakoc, Oleksandr Zaporozhets, Alper Dalkiran, Ali Haydar Ercan
Pubblicato in: Proceedings of the 2023 International Symposium on Electric Aviation & Autonomous Systems and the International Symposium on Unmanned Systems, AI, Design & Efficiency
Editore: Springer
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62094-2

Noise Assessment Scenarios for New Airplane Climate Efficient Designs

Autori: Francesca Iapaolo and Fabio Cozzi
Pubblicato in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Editore: IOP Publishing
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/3063/1/012007

Air propeller drive from gearbox, combining gas turbine and electrical engines

Autori: Sergiy Dmytriyev and Andrii Yedynovych, Oleksandr Korniichuk, Oleksandr Kolokolov, Igor Kravchenko
Pubblicato in: Proceedings of the EUCASS 2025
Editore: EUCASS

Road map towards Fit 55 and Net Zero 2050

Autori: Rosa Maria Arnaldo Valdés, Maria Zamarreño Suarez , Francisco Perez Moreno, Raquel Delgado-Aguilera Jurado,Victor Fernnado Gómez Comendador
Pubblicato in: Proceeding of EUCASS-2025
Editore: EUCASS
DOI: 10.13009/EUCASS2025-401

DESIGN ASPECTS OF A 80-SEATS 1000 KM RANGE LH FUELED JETLINER

Autori: Serhii Fil , Dmytro Berbenets , Andrii Khaustov , Oleksandra Urban, Oleksandr Bondarchuk
Editore: MDPI

Lithium-Based Batteries in Aircraft

Autori: Musab Hammas Khan, Vincenzo Tucci, Patrizia Lamberti, Raffaele Longo, Liberata Guadagno
Pubblicato in: EASN 2024, 2025
Editore: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ENGPROC2025090039

Battery power for propulsion and electricity supply

Autori: María ZAMARREÑO SUÁREZ, Rosa María ARNALDO VALDÉS, Francisco PÉREZ MORENO, Raquel DELGADO-AGUILERA JURADO and Víctor Fernando GÓMEZ COMENDADOR
Pubblicato in: Proceeding of EUCASS-2025
Editore: EUCASS
DOI: 10.13009/EUCASS2025-400

Noise Exposure Analysis of the New Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Design within the Airport and Fleet Scenario

Autori: Oleksandr ZAPOROZHETS, Kateryna KAZHAN, Vadim TOKAREV, Vitalii MAKARENKO, Andrzej CHYLA
Pubblicato in: 2025
Editore: TSAS 2025 proceeding
DOI: 10.60711/TSAS25.20250217.7202472767080516

DESIGN OF A 150-SEATS 2000 KM RANGE LH FUELED JETLINER

Autori: Serhii Fil , Dmytro Berbenets , Andrii Khaustov , Oleksandra Urban, Oleksandr Bondarchuk
Pubblicato in: Proceeding of EUCASS-2025
Editore: EUCASS

Battery Technologies for Use in Aviation: Classification, Temporal Evolution and Future Prospects

Autori: María Zamarreño Suárez,Francisco Pérez Moreno,Raquel Delgado-Aguilera Jurado,César Gómez Arnaldo and Víctor Fernando Gómez Comendador
Pubblicato in: Engineering Proceedings
Editore: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ENGPROC2025090037

Experimental Characterization of a H2-Fueled Dual-Swirl Burner

Autori: Fabio Cozzi, Francesca Iapaolo, Edoardo Ciuffoli and Pierfelice Rocco
Pubblicato in: Proceeding of EUCASS-2025
Editore: EUCASS
DOI: 10.13009/EUCASS2025-404

ISEAS’23 Abstract Book

Autori: Sergii Fil, Dmytro Berbenets, Khaustov Andrii, Urban Oleksandra and Bondarchuk Oleksandr
Pubblicato in: International Symposium on Electric Aircraft and Autonomous Systems (ISEAS-23), 2023, ISSN 0000-0000
Editore: N/A

Low-Noise Airport Flight and Ground Operations

Autori: K. Kazhan, V.Makarenko, A. Chyla, O.Zaporozhets, V.Tokarev
Pubblicato in: Proceeding of EUCASS-2025
Editore: EUCASS
DOI: 10.13009/EUCASS2025-406

Review of liquid hydrogen tanks for short- and medium-haul aircraft

Autori: D. Terlizzi, A. Bamoshmoosh, G. Valenti
Pubblicato in: 9th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering, 2025
Editore: CIMNE
DOI: 10.23967/ECCOMAS.2024.249

Monographic books (3)

Sustainable Transport and Environmental Safety in Aviation (Sustainable Aviation)

Autori: Boichenko, Sergii Yakovlieva, Anna Zaporozhets Oleksandr
Pubblicato in: 2023, ISSN 0000-0000
Editore: N/A
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34350-6

Effect of Diethyl Ether Addition on the Properties of Gasoline-Ethanol Blends

Autori: Ribun, V., Boichenko, S., Yakovlieva, A., Chelaydyn, L., Dubrovska, V., Shkyar, V., Wos, P.
Pubblicato in: Systems, Decision and Control in Energy IV. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 454. Springer, Cham., 2023
Editore: SPRINGER NATURE
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22464-5_19

Modern Technologies in Energy and Transport

Autori: Boichenko S., Zaporozhets A., Yakovlieva A., Shkilniuk I.
Pubblicato in: Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 510. Springer, Cham, 2024
Editore: N/A
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44351-0