Descripción del proyecto
Una solución ecológica para cultivar arroz
El arroz es un cultivo básico y nutritivo para la mitad de la población mundial. Sin embargo, la producción de arroz repercute en el clima. El cultivo en condiciones de inundación es una fuente de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Sin embargo, existe una forma de cultivar arroz sin dañar el medio ambiente. El equipo del proyecto SmartRoots, financiado con fondos europeos, allanará el camino para el desarrollo de variedades de arroz de alto rendimiento con características deseables que reduzcan las emisiones de gas de efecto invernadero (GEI) de los suelos inundados. A través de una metodología multidisciplinar, en el proyecto SmartRoots se combinarán mediciones fisiológicas vanguardistas, como microsensores (para flujos de gas «in vivo»), cromatografía de gases, espectrometría de masas y caracterización microscópica de los tejidos vegetales. El equipo de SmartRoots probará si los genotipos con fuertes obstáculos ante la pérdida de oxígeno radial tendrán menos permeabilidad frente a los GEI y, por tanto, menos emisiones.
Objetivo
Rice production is the main agricultural source of greenhouse gases (i.e. carbon dioxide; CO2, nitrous oxide; N2O and methane; CH4). Scientific evidence suggest that greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced and accumulated in rice paddies (flooded soils) can be vented out to atmosphere through plant tissues. However, information on the plant characteristics influencing such GHGs emission processes is scarce. The mechanisms of GHGs diffusion from rhizosphere to and along the roots and the vent of these GHGs to atmosphere as well as the permeability coefficient of roots to GHGs are largely unknown. This project aims to identify characteristics of rice roots that reduce both the vent of GHGs through plant tissues from soils to atmosphere (through root apoplastic barriers) and the production of GHGs in soils (oxidation of CH4 to CO2). Moreover, this project will study the root permeability to GHGs and the anatomical and chemical characteristics contributing to GHGs diffusion through plants. This project will use a multidisciplinary approach combining state-of-the-art physiological measurements including microsensing technology (for in vivo gas fluxes), gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and microscopy characterization of plant tissues. It is hypothesized that genotypes with tight barriers to radial oxygen loss will have less permeability to GHGs. Moreover, genotypes with no barriers to radial oxygen loss, high number of laterals and an efficient roots system for O2 transport will allow high CH4 oxidation to CO2, thus reducing the venting of this potent GHG to atmosphere. This project will identify root phenotypic differences among rice cultivars and this will serve as a basis for developing high yielding cultivars with desirable traits reducing GHGs emissions from flooded soils.
Ámbito científico
Programa(s)
- HORIZON.1.2 - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) Main Programme
Régimen de financiación
MSCA-PF - MSCA-PFCoordinador
1165 Kobenhavn
Dinamarca