Description du projet
Une solution écologique de culture du riz
Le riz est une culture de base nutritive pour la moitié de la population mondiale. La production de riz a toutefois une incidence sur le climat. La riziculture inondée est une source d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Il existe toutefois un moyen de cultiver le riz sans nuire à l’environnement. Le projet SmartRoots, financé par l’UE, ouvrira la voie au développement de cultivars de riz à rendements élevés dotés de caractéristiques qui permettent de réduire les émissions de GES générées par les sols inondés. Adoptant une approche multidisciplinaire, SmartRoots combinera des mesures physiologiques de pointe, notamment des microcapteurs (pour les émissions de gaz in vivo), la chromatographie en phase gazeuse, la spectrométrie de masse et la caractérisation microscopique des tissus végétaux. SmartRoots déterminera si les génotypes possédant des barrières étanches à la perte radiale d’oxygène présentent une plus faible perméabilité aux GES et, partant, génèrent moins d’émissions.
Objectif
Rice production is the main agricultural source of greenhouse gases (i.e. carbon dioxide; CO2, nitrous oxide; N2O and methane; CH4). Scientific evidence suggest that greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced and accumulated in rice paddies (flooded soils) can be vented out to atmosphere through plant tissues. However, information on the plant characteristics influencing such GHGs emission processes is scarce. The mechanisms of GHGs diffusion from rhizosphere to and along the roots and the vent of these GHGs to atmosphere as well as the permeability coefficient of roots to GHGs are largely unknown. This project aims to identify characteristics of rice roots that reduce both the vent of GHGs through plant tissues from soils to atmosphere (through root apoplastic barriers) and the production of GHGs in soils (oxidation of CH4 to CO2). Moreover, this project will study the root permeability to GHGs and the anatomical and chemical characteristics contributing to GHGs diffusion through plants. This project will use a multidisciplinary approach combining state-of-the-art physiological measurements including microsensing technology (for in vivo gas fluxes), gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and microscopy characterization of plant tissues. It is hypothesized that genotypes with tight barriers to radial oxygen loss will have less permeability to GHGs. Moreover, genotypes with no barriers to radial oxygen loss, high number of laterals and an efficient roots system for O2 transport will allow high CH4 oxidation to CO2, thus reducing the venting of this potent GHG to atmosphere. This project will identify root phenotypic differences among rice cultivars and this will serve as a basis for developing high yielding cultivars with desirable traits reducing GHGs emissions from flooded soils.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
- HORIZON.1.2 - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) Main Programme
Régime de financement
MSCA-PF - MSCA-PFCoordinateur
1165 Kobenhavn
Danemark