Amphibians are among the most threatened animals on the planet, and populations are rapidly decreasing and even disappearing as a result of habitat loss, pollution, climate change, and infectious diseases. In particular, pathogens such as chytrid fungi and Ranaviruses have caused population declines across Europe. Conservation efforts require tools that are cost effective, rapid, and non-invasive so that fast monitoring of species and pathogens can be performed with minimal disturbance to the animals and habitat.
The NIPMAP project (Non-Invasive Predictive Modelling of Amphibian and Pathogen Diversity) aimed to develop these tools by integrating molecular methods using DNA collected from amphibian habitats (e.g. pond water), generating maps, and creating open access data repositories. The goal was to create a field-to-conservation-practices ready system to detect, monitor and predict amphibians and pathogens in the environment without direct animal handling.
Focussing on amphibian communities in Alpine habitats, the project combined field sampling with genetic analyses and predictive mapping. DNA from swabs collected from the skin of amphibians and filtered water samples was used to detect species and pathogens and subsequently to build models predicting their presence across diverse environments. These models inform conservation planning, even in areas with limited field access.
To ensure transparency and reusability, data and analytical code are archived on open access platforms such as OpenBioMaps and GitHub, in formats that help stakeholders visualise and interpret results.
NIPMAP worked closely with researchers, park managers, and citizen scientists, building bridges between science and society. Outreach efforts included public seminars and teaching activities to raise awareness on amphibian health and biodiversity. The project delivered a replicable, open framework for long-term monitoring of amphibian populations and emerging pathogens across Europe.
