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Deciphering rhinovirus-mediated macrophages impairment through the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived macrophages

Projektbeschreibung

Mechanismen der Virus-vermittelten Modulierung der Makrophagen-Reaktion

Viren modulieren die Reaktion von myeloischen Zellen und stören so die Phänotypen von Makrophagen. Neuere Daten deuten darauf hin, dass diese Störung auch auftreten kann, wenn in diesen Zellen keine Virusvermehrung stattfindet. Humane Rhinoviren hemmen durch das Herunterregulieren der Zytokin-Ausschüttung die Reaktion der Makrophagen auf bakterielle Infektionen. Die Mechanismen, mit denen Viren die Reaktion von Makrophagen modulieren, zu verstehen, könnte Behandlungsmöglichkeiten offenlegen, um die virusassoziierte Pathogenese zu verhindern. Finanziert über die Marie-Skłodowska-Curie-Maßnahmen zielt das Projekt MacroRhino darauf ab, herauszufinden, ob humane Rhinoviren sich in Alveolarmakrophagen replizieren können, und die durch diese Viren ausgelösten Mechanismen der Makrophagenhemmung erläutern. Die Forschenden werden ein neues Modell der Alveolarmakrophagen-ähnlichen Zellen, die von induzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen abstammen, in der menschlichen Lunge aufstellen, um die Physiologie des Organs und den Phänotyp der dort vorkommenden Makrophagen nachzubilden.

Ziel

A growing body of evidence suggest that viruses can modulate myeloid cells responses leading to long term impairment of monocytes/macrophages phenotypes. Whereas for virus directly infecting macrophages, the long-term effects on these cells function and phenotype have been extensively studied, for virus infecting other cell types, the effects on macrophages have been overlooked. Yet, recent data suggest that virus-mediated modulation of macrophages can even occurred when the virus do not replicate in these cells. Indeed, viruses have broader ways to modulate the innate immune responses than the one identified in permissive cells. Understanding the mechanisms of action employed by viruses to modulate macrophages responses could not only provide possible targets to eliminate the infection, but also offer therapeutic options to prevent/avoid virus-associated pathogenesis.
Human rhinovirus (HRV) impairs macrophages’ responses upon secondary challenge with bacteria. The host laboratory identified arpin as a critical factor targeted by HRV to alter the phagocytic activity of macrophages and showed that HRV16-treated macrophages present a “paralysed” phenotype in terms of cytokine secretion. The precise mechanisms governing the reprogramming of the macrophages are however not fully elucidated. Furthermore, it is still unclear whether HRV needs to replicate within macrophages to reprogram their phenotype and functions. Therefore, my objectives are to decipher (i) if HRV can replicate in alveolar macrophages and (ii) what are the HRV-mediated mechanisms leading to impaired macrophages’ functions.
Moreover, the models employed to study macrophages present advantages but do not recapitulate organ physiology, which plays a key role on the resident macrophage phenotype. Therefore, I will develop a model of human lung alveolar macrophage-like cell (LAML) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (h-iPSC) to answer the above-mentioned objectives.

Koordinator

UNIVERSITE PARIS CITE
Netto-EU-Beitrag
€ 195 914,88
Adresse
85 BD SAINT GERMAIN
75006 Paris
Frankreich

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Region
Ile-de-France Ile-de-France Paris
Aktivitätstyp
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
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