Intelligent Reading Improvement System for Fundamental and Transversal Skills Development

Deliverables

First short report providing an informative overview on the project activities and results related to policy definition.

Annotation schema

Project report on the task, method, requirements, sampling criteria, representativeness and metadata.

Reading skills survey

New survey (questionnaire & results) on the needs of trainers and adult learners with low literacy skills, related to reading skills improvement.

Literature review & report

Report on the literature review and data, able to be disseminated to policy makers.

+Easy and +Clear complexity levels

Framework

Overall skills and gaps survey

Preliminary survey (questionnaire & results) on the relation between skills needs and gaps and reading skills, able to be disseminated to policy makers.

Annotation manual

| Intuitive guidelines for non-specialist annotation.

Baselines for complexity lexicons definition

Methods and features for defining lexical complexity and sets of basic vocabularies.

Data set 1: corpora by level of complexity for FR, PT and SP

Collection of written texts of several genres and levels of complexity in txt/xml format.

Basic lexicons per complexity levels

Vocabulary for the three languages FR, PT and SP.

Project website

iRead4Skills project website and associated contents.

Publications

Hurdles in Parsing Multi-word Adverbs: Examples from Portuguese

Author(s): Izabela Müller, Nuno Mamede and Jorge Baptista
Published in: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, 2024
Publisher: ACL

The Role of Adverbs in Language Variety Identification: The Case of Portuguese Multi-Word Adverbs

Author(s): Izabela Müller, Nuno Mamede, Jorge Baptista
Published in: Proceedings of the Eleventh Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties, and Dialects (VarDial 2024), 2024
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/V1/2024.VARDIAL-1.8

A European Portuguese corpus annotated for verbal idioms

Author(s): David Antunes, Jorge Baptista, Nuno J. Mamede
Published in: Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Multiword Expressions (MWE 2025), 2025
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/V1/2025.MWE-1.7

Leveraging NLP and Machine Learning for English (L1) Writing Assessment in Developmental Education

Author(s): Miguel Da Corte, Jorge Baptista
Published in: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, 2024
Publisher: SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications
DOI: 10.5220/0012740500003693

Lexicalized meaning representation (LMR)

Author(s): Jorge Baptista, Sónia Reis, João Dias & Pedro Santos
Published in: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Designing Meaning Representations @ LREC-COLING 2024, 2024
Publisher: ELRA/ICCL/ACL

Reducing the Achievement and Equity Gap in Developmental Education Placement

Author(s): Miguel da Corte and Jorge Baptista
Published in: The 1st International Conference on the Global Perspectives on Technology-Enhanced Language Learning and Translation (GLOTECH)
Publisher: University of Alicante

Paying attention to the words: explaining readability prediction for French as a foreign language

Author(s): Rodrigo Wilkens, Patrick Watrin, Thomas François
Published in: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Tools and Resources for People with REAding DIfficulties (READI) @ LREC-COLING 2024, 2024
Publisher: ELRA and ICCL

Semantic Representation of Adverbs in the Lexicalized Meaning Representation (LMR) Framework

Author(s): Izabela Müller, Jorge Baptista and Sónia Reis
Published in: 14th Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (SLATE 2025). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Issue 135, 2025
Publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
DOI: 10.4230/OASICS.SLATE.2025.9

Lexicon-Grammar of Brazilian Portuguese Predicative Adjectives

Author(s): Ryan Saldanha Martinez, Jorge Baptista, and Oto A. Vale
Published in: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, 2026
Publisher: ACL

Enhancing Writing Proficiency Classification in Developmental Education: The Quest for Accuracy

Author(s): Miguel Da Corte, Jorge Baptista
Published in: Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)
Publisher: ELRA and ICCL

OASIcs, Volume 135, SLATE 2025, Complete Volume

Author(s): Baptista, Jorge; Barateiro, José
Published in: 2025
Publisher: Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
DOI: 10.4230/OASICS.SLATE.2025

Lexicon-Grammar Web

Author(s): Jorge Baptista, David Antunes, Nuno Mamede, and Eugénio Ribeiro
Published in: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, 2026
Publisher: ACL

Toward Consistency in Writing Proficiency Assessment: Mitigating Classification Variability in Developmental Education

Author(s): Miguel Da Corte, Jorge Baptista
Published in: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, 2025
Publisher: SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications
DOI: 10.5220/0013353900003932

Exploring hybrid approaches to readability: experiments on the complementarity between linguistic features and transformers

Author(s): Rodrigo Wilkens, Alice Pintard, Thomas François
Published in: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EACL 2024, 2024
Publisher: ACL

From Complexity Scores to Readable Texts: iRead4Skills for Adult Literacy in Portuguese

Author(s): Jorge Baptista, Eugénio Ribeiro, Nuno Mamede, David Antunes, & Raquel Amaro
Published in: roceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, 2026
Publisher: ACL

Refining English Writing Proficiency Assessment and Placement in Developmental Education Using NLP Tools and Machine Learning

Author(s): Miguel Da Corte, Jorge Baptista
Published in: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, 2025
Publisher: SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications
DOI: 10.5220/0013351500003932

iRead4Skills @ IberSPEECH 2024: Project presentation and developments for the Portuguese language

Author(s): Jorge Baptista, Eugénio Ribeiro, Nuno Mamede
Published in: IberSPEECH 2024, 2024
Publisher: ISCA
DOI: 10.21437/IBERSPEECH.2024-62

Modélisation de la lisibilité en français pour les personnes en situation d’illettrisme

Author(s): Wafa Aissa, Thibault Bañeras-Roux, Elodie Vanzeveren, Lingyun Gao, Rodrigo Wilkens, Thomas François
Published in: Actes des 32ème Conférence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles (TALN), volume 1 : articles scientifiques originaux, 2025
Publisher: ATALA & ARIA

Charting the Linguistic Landscape of Developing Writers: An Annotation Scheme for Enhancing Native Language Proficiency

Author(s): Miguel Da Corte, Jorge Baptista
Published in: Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)
Publisher: ELRA and ICCL

Portho: A Corpus-Based Resource of Orthographic Neighbors in European Portuguese.

Author(s): Eugénio Ribeiro, Nuno Mamede, David Antunes & Jorge Baptista
Published in: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, 2026
Publisher: ACL

Assessing french readability for adults with low literacy: A global and local perspective

Author(s): Wafa Aissa, Thibault Bañeras-Roux, Elodie Vanzeveren, Lingyun Gao, Rodrigo Wilkens, Thomas François
Published in: Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2025
Publisher: ACL

The iRead4Skills Intelligent Complexity Analyzer

Author(s): Wafa Aissa, Raquel Amaro, David Antunes, Thibault Bañeras-Roux, Jorge Baptista, Alejandro Catala, Luís Correia, Thomas François, Marcos Garcia, Mario Izquierdo-Álvarez, Nuno Mamede, Vasco Martins, Miguel Neves, Eugénio Ribeiro, Sandra Rodriguez Rey, Elodie Vanzeveren
Published in: Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations, 2025
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/V1/2025.EMNLP-DEMOS.6

Automatic Text Readability Assessment in European Portuguese

Author(s): Ribeiro, E., Mamede, N., & Baptista, J.
Published in: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, Issue 16, 2024
Publisher: PROPOR 2024

Towards a Syntactic Lexicon of Brazilian Portuguese Adjectives

Author(s): Ryan Martinez, Jorge Baptista & Oto A. Vale
Published in: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese (, 2024
Publisher: ACL

Exploration d’approches hybrides pour la lisibilité : expériences sur la complémentarité entre les traits linguistiques et les transformers

Author(s): Rodrigo Wilkens, Patrick Watrin, Rémi Cardon, Alice Pintard, Isabelle Gribomont, Thomas François
Published in: Actes de la 31ème Conférence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles, volume 2 : traductions d'articles publiès, 2024
Publisher: ATALA and AFPC

Exploring the Automated Scoring of Narrative Essays in Brazilian Portuguese using Transformer Models

Author(s): Eugénio Ribeiro, Nuno Mamede, Jorge Baptista
Publisher: Association for Computational Lingustics

Semantic Representation of Relative Clauses in Lexicalized Abstract Meaning Representation

Author(s): Jorge Baptista & Sónia Reis
Published in: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, 2026
Publisher: ACL

Text Readability Assessment in European Portuguese: A Comparison of Classification and Regression Approaches

Author(s): Ribeiro, E., Mamede, N., & Baptista, J.
Published in: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, Issue 16, 2024
Publisher: PROPOR 2024

Léxico mejorado del español para los niveles del MCER A1, A2 y B1, y nociones metalingüísticas de base

Author(s): Xavier Blanco Escoda
Published in: Onomázein Revista de lingüística filología y traducción, 2024, ISSN 0718-5758
Publisher: Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
DOI: 10.7764/ONOMAZEIN.NE14.08

Avaliação Automática do Nível de Complexidade de Textos em Português Europeu

Author(s): Eugénio Ribeiro, Nuno Mamede, Jorge Baptista
Published in: Linguamática, Issue 16, 2025, ISSN 1647-0818
Publisher: University of Minho
DOI: 10.21814/LM.16.2.449

Intelligent Support for Low Literacy Adults: The European Portuguese iRead4Skills Corpus

Author(s): Maria Leonor Reis, Sílvia Barbosa, Michell Moutinho, Ricardo Monteiro, Susana Correia, Raquel Amaro
Published in: International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), Issue 19, 2024, ISSN 1863-0383
Publisher: International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE)
DOI: 10.3991/IJET.V19I08.52023

Aprendizado por Transferência para Correção Automática de Redação

Author(s): Igor Cataneo Silveira, Eugénio Ribeiro, Nuno Mamede, Jorge Baptista
Published in: Linguamática, Issue 17, 2026, ISSN 1647-0818
Publisher: University of Minho
DOI: 10.21814/LM.17.2.493

Framework of Textual Complexity for Low-Literacy Adults: Levels and Descriptors within the iRead4skill Project

Author(s): Raquel Amaro, Susana Correia, Ricardo Monteiro, Alice Pintard, Michell Moutinho, Sílvia Barbosa
Published in: Langues & Parole, Issue 10, 2025, ISSN 2684-6691
Publisher: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
DOI: 10.5565/REV/LANGUESPAROLE.154

Dictionnaires électroniques et traduction automatique espagnol-français

Author(s): Xavier Blanco
Published in: Langages, Issue 35, 2023, ISSN 0458-726X
Publisher: PERSEE Program
DOI: 10.3406/LGGE.2001.890

Anamorfosis textuales en didáctica de la literatura

Author(s): Xavier Blanco Escoda
Published in: Aprendo con NooJ, 2026, ISSN 2718-8574
Publisher: Universidad Nacional de Rosario
DOI: 10.35305/AN.VI6.43

Níveis e descritores de complexidade textual para adultos de baixa literacia: um referencial do projeto iRead4Skills

Author(s): Ricardo Monteiro, Susana Correia, Raquel Amaro, Michell Moutinho, Sílvia Barbosa, Maria Leonor Reis
Published in: Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, 2025, ISSN 2183-9077
Publisher: Associacao Portuguesa de Linguistica
DOI: 10.26334/2183-9077/RAPLN13ANO2025A9

Clasificación automática de textos por niveis de lecturabilidade: recursos e modelos para o galego

Author(s): Sandra Rodríguez Rey, Marcos Garcia
Published in: Linguamática, Issue 17, 2026, ISSN 1647-0818
Publisher: University of Minho
DOI: 10.21814/LM.17.2.488

L’effet facilitateur de la transparence interlinguistique sur l’acquisition lexicale du français et de l’espagnol chez les apprenants sinophones

Author(s): Keran Mu
Published in: Langues & Parole, ISSN 2466-7757
Publisher: Revistes Digitals de l'Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
DOI: 10.5565/REV/LANGUESPAROLE.150

Exploring Few-Shot Approaches to Automatic Text Complexity Assessment in European Portuguese

Author(s): Eugénio Ribeiro, David Antunes, Nuno Mamede, Jorge Baptista
Published in: Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society, Issue 31, 2025, ISSN 1678-4804
Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Computacao - SB
DOI: 10.5753/JBCS.2025.5820

Exploring Linguistic Features in a New Readability Corpus for Spanish

Author(s): Sandra Rodríguez Rey, André Bernárdez Braña, Marcos Garcia
Published in: Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural, Issue 74, 2025, ISSN 1135-5948
Publisher: Sociedad Espanola para el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural
DOI: 10.26342/2025-74-15

Presentation

Author(s): Raquel Amaro, Jorge Baptista, Thomas François, Marcos García, Rodrigo Wilkens
Published in: Langues & Parole, Issue 10, 2025, ISSN 2684-6691
Publisher: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
DOI: 10.5565/REV/LANGUESPAROLE.156

A Multi-Stage Heuristic Filtering Pipeline for Refining a Spanish Legal Corpus for Natural Language Processing

Author(s): Nikolai Tiurin, Xavier Blanco Escoda
Published in: Langues & Parole, Issue 10, 2025, ISSN 2684-6691
Publisher: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
DOI: 10.5565/REV/LANGUESPAROLE.153

Processamento automático de expressões idiomáticas do português europeu

Author(s): David Antunes, Jorge Baptista, Nuno Mamede
Published in: Linguamática, Issue 17, 2025, ISSN 1647-0818
Publisher: University of Minho
DOI: 10.21814/LM.17.1.464

Selección del léxico español y francés de niveles iniciales (A1–B1) para aprendientes sinohablantes

Author(s): Keran Mu
Publisher: UAB

Vocabulário Fundamental da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa: seleção lexical, alinhamento de sentidos e codificação

Author(s): Maria Leonor Reis
Publisher: NOVA FCSH

Textual complexity for low literacy adults: analysis of complexity levels and their characteristics

Author(s): Ricardo Monteiro
Publisher: NOVA FCSH

Analyse contrastive des pragmatèmes et application lexicographique bilingue

Author(s): Elina Sidorovic
Publisher: UAB & Vilnius University

Adaptive Text Simplification: Using Machine Learning Models to Adapt the Level of Simplification Based on Feedback from Users

Author(s): Nikolai Tiurin
Publisher: UAB

Deliverables

Publications

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