Intelligent Reading Improvement System for Fundamental and Transversal Skills Development

Livrables

First short report providing an informative overview on the project activities and results related to policy definition.

Annotation schema

Project report on the task, method, requirements, sampling criteria, representativeness and metadata.

Reading skills survey

New survey (questionnaire & results) on the needs of trainers and adult learners with low literacy skills, related to reading skills improvement.

Literature review & report

Report on the literature review and data, able to be disseminated to policy makers.

+Easy and +Clear complexity levels

Framework

Overall skills and gaps survey

Preliminary survey (questionnaire & results) on the relation between skills needs and gaps and reading skills, able to be disseminated to policy makers.

Annotation manual

| Intuitive guidelines for non-specialist annotation.

Baselines for complexity lexicons definition

Methods and features for defining lexical complexity and sets of basic vocabularies.

Data set 1: corpora by level of complexity for FR, PT and SP

Collection of written texts of several genres and levels of complexity in txt/xml format.

Basic lexicons per complexity levels

Vocabulary for the three languages FR, PT and SP.

Project website

iRead4Skills project website and associated contents.

Publications

Hurdles in Parsing Multi-word Adverbs: Examples from Portuguese

Auteurs: Izabela Müller, Nuno Mamede and Jorge Baptista
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, 2024
Éditeur: ACL

The Role of Adverbs in Language Variety Identification: The Case of Portuguese Multi-Word Adverbs

Auteurs: Izabela Müller, Nuno Mamede, Jorge Baptista
Publié dans: Proceedings of the Eleventh Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties, and Dialects (VarDial 2024), 2024
Éditeur: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/V1/2024.VARDIAL-1.8

A European Portuguese corpus annotated for verbal idioms

Auteurs: David Antunes, Jorge Baptista, Nuno J. Mamede
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Multiword Expressions (MWE 2025), 2025
Éditeur: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/V1/2025.MWE-1.7

Leveraging NLP and Machine Learning for English (L1) Writing Assessment in Developmental Education

Auteurs: Miguel Da Corte, Jorge Baptista
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, 2024
Éditeur: SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications
DOI: 10.5220/0012740500003693

Lexicalized meaning representation (LMR)

Auteurs: Jorge Baptista, Sónia Reis, João Dias & Pedro Santos
Publié dans: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Designing Meaning Representations @ LREC-COLING 2024, 2024
Éditeur: ELRA/ICCL/ACL

Reducing the Achievement and Equity Gap in Developmental Education Placement

Auteurs: Miguel da Corte and Jorge Baptista
Publié dans: The 1st International Conference on the Global Perspectives on Technology-Enhanced Language Learning and Translation (GLOTECH)
Éditeur: University of Alicante

Paying attention to the words: explaining readability prediction for French as a foreign language

Auteurs: Rodrigo Wilkens, Patrick Watrin, Thomas François
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Tools and Resources for People with REAding DIfficulties (READI) @ LREC-COLING 2024, 2024
Éditeur: ELRA and ICCL

Semantic Representation of Adverbs in the Lexicalized Meaning Representation (LMR) Framework

Auteurs: Izabela Müller, Jorge Baptista and Sónia Reis
Publié dans: 14th Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (SLATE 2025). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Numéro 135, 2025
Éditeur: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
DOI: 10.4230/OASICS.SLATE.2025.9

Lexicon-Grammar of Brazilian Portuguese Predicative Adjectives

Auteurs: Ryan Saldanha Martinez, Jorge Baptista, and Oto A. Vale
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, 2026
Éditeur: ACL

Enhancing Writing Proficiency Classification in Developmental Education: The Quest for Accuracy

Auteurs: Miguel Da Corte, Jorge Baptista
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)
Éditeur: ELRA and ICCL

OASIcs, Volume 135, SLATE 2025, Complete Volume

Auteurs: Baptista, Jorge; Barateiro, José
Publié dans: 2025
Éditeur: Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
DOI: 10.4230/OASICS.SLATE.2025

Lexicon-Grammar Web

Auteurs: Jorge Baptista, David Antunes, Nuno Mamede, and Eugénio Ribeiro
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, 2026
Éditeur: ACL

Toward Consistency in Writing Proficiency Assessment: Mitigating Classification Variability in Developmental Education

Auteurs: Miguel Da Corte, Jorge Baptista
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, 2025
Éditeur: SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications
DOI: 10.5220/0013353900003932

Exploring hybrid approaches to readability: experiments on the complementarity between linguistic features and transformers

Auteurs: Rodrigo Wilkens, Alice Pintard, Thomas François
Publié dans: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EACL 2024, 2024
Éditeur: ACL

From Complexity Scores to Readable Texts: iRead4Skills for Adult Literacy in Portuguese

Auteurs: Jorge Baptista, Eugénio Ribeiro, Nuno Mamede, David Antunes, & Raquel Amaro
Publié dans: roceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, 2026
Éditeur: ACL

Refining English Writing Proficiency Assessment and Placement in Developmental Education Using NLP Tools and Machine Learning

Auteurs: Miguel Da Corte, Jorge Baptista
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, 2025
Éditeur: SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications
DOI: 10.5220/0013351500003932

iRead4Skills @ IberSPEECH 2024: Project presentation and developments for the Portuguese language

Auteurs: Jorge Baptista, Eugénio Ribeiro, Nuno Mamede
Publié dans: IberSPEECH 2024, 2024
Éditeur: ISCA
DOI: 10.21437/IBERSPEECH.2024-62

Modélisation de la lisibilité en français pour les personnes en situation d’illettrisme

Auteurs: Wafa Aissa, Thibault Bañeras-Roux, Elodie Vanzeveren, Lingyun Gao, Rodrigo Wilkens, Thomas François
Publié dans: Actes des 32ème Conférence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles (TALN), volume 1 : articles scientifiques originaux, 2025
Éditeur: ATALA & ARIA

Charting the Linguistic Landscape of Developing Writers: An Annotation Scheme for Enhancing Native Language Proficiency

Auteurs: Miguel Da Corte, Jorge Baptista
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)
Éditeur: ELRA and ICCL

Portho: A Corpus-Based Resource of Orthographic Neighbors in European Portuguese.

Auteurs: Eugénio Ribeiro, Nuno Mamede, David Antunes & Jorge Baptista
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, 2026
Éditeur: ACL

Assessing french readability for adults with low literacy: A global and local perspective

Auteurs: Wafa Aissa, Thibault Bañeras-Roux, Elodie Vanzeveren, Lingyun Gao, Rodrigo Wilkens, Thomas François
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2025
Éditeur: ACL

The iRead4Skills Intelligent Complexity Analyzer

Auteurs: Wafa Aissa, Raquel Amaro, David Antunes, Thibault Bañeras-Roux, Jorge Baptista, Alejandro Catala, Luís Correia, Thomas François, Marcos Garcia, Mario Izquierdo-Álvarez, Nuno Mamede, Vasco Martins, Miguel Neves, Eugénio Ribeiro, Sandra Rodriguez Rey, Elodie Vanzeveren
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations, 2025
Éditeur: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/V1/2025.EMNLP-DEMOS.6

Automatic Text Readability Assessment in European Portuguese

Auteurs: Ribeiro, E., Mamede, N., & Baptista, J.
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, Numéro 16, 2024
Éditeur: PROPOR 2024

Towards a Syntactic Lexicon of Brazilian Portuguese Adjectives

Auteurs: Ryan Martinez, Jorge Baptista & Oto A. Vale
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese (, 2024
Éditeur: ACL

Exploration d’approches hybrides pour la lisibilité : expériences sur la complémentarité entre les traits linguistiques et les transformers

Auteurs: Rodrigo Wilkens, Patrick Watrin, Rémi Cardon, Alice Pintard, Isabelle Gribomont, Thomas François
Publié dans: Actes de la 31ème Conférence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles, volume 2 : traductions d'articles publiès, 2024
Éditeur: ATALA and AFPC

Exploring the Automated Scoring of Narrative Essays in Brazilian Portuguese using Transformer Models

Auteurs: Eugénio Ribeiro, Nuno Mamede, Jorge Baptista
Éditeur: Association for Computational Lingustics

Semantic Representation of Relative Clauses in Lexicalized Abstract Meaning Representation

Auteurs: Jorge Baptista & Sónia Reis
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, 2026
Éditeur: ACL

Text Readability Assessment in European Portuguese: A Comparison of Classification and Regression Approaches

Auteurs: Ribeiro, E., Mamede, N., & Baptista, J.
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, Numéro 16, 2024
Éditeur: PROPOR 2024

Léxico mejorado del español para los niveles del MCER A1, A2 y B1, y nociones metalingüísticas de base

Auteurs: Xavier Blanco Escoda
Publié dans: Onomázein Revista de lingüística filología y traducción, 2024, ISSN 0718-5758
Éditeur: Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
DOI: 10.7764/ONOMAZEIN.NE14.08

Avaliação Automática do Nível de Complexidade de Textos em Português Europeu

Auteurs: Eugénio Ribeiro, Nuno Mamede, Jorge Baptista
Publié dans: Linguamática, Numéro 16, 2025, ISSN 1647-0818
Éditeur: University of Minho
DOI: 10.21814/LM.16.2.449

Intelligent Support for Low Literacy Adults: The European Portuguese iRead4Skills Corpus

Auteurs: Maria Leonor Reis, Sílvia Barbosa, Michell Moutinho, Ricardo Monteiro, Susana Correia, Raquel Amaro
Publié dans: International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), Numéro 19, 2024, ISSN 1863-0383
Éditeur: International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE)
DOI: 10.3991/IJET.V19I08.52023

Aprendizado por Transferência para Correção Automática de Redação

Auteurs: Igor Cataneo Silveira, Eugénio Ribeiro, Nuno Mamede, Jorge Baptista
Publié dans: Linguamática, Numéro 17, 2026, ISSN 1647-0818
Éditeur: University of Minho
DOI: 10.21814/LM.17.2.493

Framework of Textual Complexity for Low-Literacy Adults: Levels and Descriptors within the iRead4skill Project

Auteurs: Raquel Amaro, Susana Correia, Ricardo Monteiro, Alice Pintard, Michell Moutinho, Sílvia Barbosa
Publié dans: Langues & Parole, Numéro 10, 2025, ISSN 2684-6691
Éditeur: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
DOI: 10.5565/REV/LANGUESPAROLE.154

Dictionnaires électroniques et traduction automatique espagnol-français

Auteurs: Xavier Blanco
Publié dans: Langages, Numéro 35, 2023, ISSN 0458-726X
Éditeur: PERSEE Program
DOI: 10.3406/LGGE.2001.890

Anamorfosis textuales en didáctica de la literatura

Auteurs: Xavier Blanco Escoda
Publié dans: Aprendo con NooJ, 2026, ISSN 2718-8574
Éditeur: Universidad Nacional de Rosario
DOI: 10.35305/AN.VI6.43

Níveis e descritores de complexidade textual para adultos de baixa literacia: um referencial do projeto iRead4Skills

Auteurs: Ricardo Monteiro, Susana Correia, Raquel Amaro, Michell Moutinho, Sílvia Barbosa, Maria Leonor Reis
Publié dans: Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, 2025, ISSN 2183-9077
Éditeur: Associacao Portuguesa de Linguistica
DOI: 10.26334/2183-9077/RAPLN13ANO2025A9

Clasificación automática de textos por niveis de lecturabilidade: recursos e modelos para o galego

Auteurs: Sandra Rodríguez Rey, Marcos Garcia
Publié dans: Linguamática, Numéro 17, 2026, ISSN 1647-0818
Éditeur: University of Minho
DOI: 10.21814/LM.17.2.488

L’effet facilitateur de la transparence interlinguistique sur l’acquisition lexicale du français et de l’espagnol chez les apprenants sinophones

Auteurs: Keran Mu
Publié dans: Langues & Parole, ISSN 2466-7757
Éditeur: Revistes Digitals de l'Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
DOI: 10.5565/REV/LANGUESPAROLE.150

Exploring Few-Shot Approaches to Automatic Text Complexity Assessment in European Portuguese

Auteurs: Eugénio Ribeiro, David Antunes, Nuno Mamede, Jorge Baptista
Publié dans: Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society, Numéro 31, 2025, ISSN 1678-4804
Éditeur: Sociedade Brasileira de Computacao - SB
DOI: 10.5753/JBCS.2025.5820

Exploring Linguistic Features in a New Readability Corpus for Spanish

Auteurs: Sandra Rodríguez Rey, André Bernárdez Braña, Marcos Garcia
Publié dans: Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural, Numéro 74, 2025, ISSN 1135-5948
Éditeur: Sociedad Espanola para el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural
DOI: 10.26342/2025-74-15

Presentation

Auteurs: Raquel Amaro, Jorge Baptista, Thomas François, Marcos García, Rodrigo Wilkens
Publié dans: Langues & Parole, Numéro 10, 2025, ISSN 2684-6691
Éditeur: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
DOI: 10.5565/REV/LANGUESPAROLE.156

A Multi-Stage Heuristic Filtering Pipeline for Refining a Spanish Legal Corpus for Natural Language Processing

Auteurs: Nikolai Tiurin, Xavier Blanco Escoda
Publié dans: Langues & Parole, Numéro 10, 2025, ISSN 2684-6691
Éditeur: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
DOI: 10.5565/REV/LANGUESPAROLE.153

Processamento automático de expressões idiomáticas do português europeu

Auteurs: David Antunes, Jorge Baptista, Nuno Mamede
Publié dans: Linguamática, Numéro 17, 2025, ISSN 1647-0818
Éditeur: University of Minho
DOI: 10.21814/LM.17.1.464

Selección del léxico español y francés de niveles iniciales (A1–B1) para aprendientes sinohablantes

Auteurs: Keran Mu
Éditeur: UAB

Vocabulário Fundamental da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa: seleção lexical, alinhamento de sentidos e codificação

Auteurs: Maria Leonor Reis
Éditeur: NOVA FCSH

Textual complexity for low literacy adults: analysis of complexity levels and their characteristics

Auteurs: Ricardo Monteiro
Éditeur: NOVA FCSH

Analyse contrastive des pragmatèmes et application lexicographique bilingue

Auteurs: Elina Sidorovic
Éditeur: UAB & Vilnius University

Adaptive Text Simplification: Using Machine Learning Models to Adapt the Level of Simplification Based on Feedback from Users

Auteurs: Nikolai Tiurin
Éditeur: UAB

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