Obiettivo
In hybrid derivatives of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. that include additional chromosomes from other species (aliens), the stability of these aliens varies; centromere function is responsible for segregation at mitosis and meiosis. Our objective is to understand the cause of differential centromere activity and hence failure of regular alien chromosome segregation in such lines. Centromere function requires loading of centromere-specific histone H3 (CENH3) to centromeric nucleosomes at epigenetically competent DNA sequence tracts; incorrect binding of CENH3 leads to chromosome elimination. Using comparative analysis of parents and wheat-barley addition lines carrying stably and unstably inherited barley chromosomes, we will measure the time course of CENH3 loading on the different centromeres, modification of DNA by methylation, differences in specific DNA sequences in the centromeres, contrasts between mitotic (from the embryo and adult) and meiotic cells where loss may occur, and differences or modification of nucleosomal proteins between wheat and alien chromosomes. We will answer how chromosomal and molecular organisation of barley centromeric DNA and its interaction with wheat CENH3 influences chromosome stability, elucidating the role of epigenetic control mechanisms in DNA-protein interactions. The results lead to fundamental understanding of centromere behaviour and hence of chromosome segregration. Alien introgression lines are of major value because they increase the genetic diversity available to breeders: most lines are too unstable for use in breeding programmes. Wheat has a narrow genetic base and the introduction of novel genetic characters is required to meet existing needs (eg virus or other disease resistance) and new crop requirements (abiotic stress: climate change, water limitation; or socioeconomics: food security, biofuels and sustainable agriculture). Knowledge of centromere stability can be exploited to develop novel introgression lines.
Campo scientifico
CORDIS classifica i progetti con EuroSciVoc, una tassonomia multilingue dei campi scientifici, attraverso un processo semi-automatico basato su tecniche NLP.
CORDIS classifica i progetti con EuroSciVoc, una tassonomia multilingue dei campi scientifici, attraverso un processo semi-automatico basato su tecniche NLP.
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesmicrobiologyvirology
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesgeneticsDNA
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesgeneticsheredity
- natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesatmospheric sciencesclimatologyclimatic changes
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesgeneticschromosomes
Argomento(i)
Invito a presentare proposte
FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF
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Meccanismo di finanziamento
MC-IEF - Intra-European Fellowships (IEF)Coordinatore
LE1 7RH Leicester
Regno Unito