Description du projet
Expliquer la danse entre les gènes et la forme
Dans le domaine complexe de l’évolution animale, le décryptage des changements au sein des programmes de développement constitue la clé de la compréhension de la transformation des plans corporels et des formes des organes. Ces programmes contrôlent l’expression de gènes cruciaux et leurs vastes réseaux en aval, qui déterminent l’évolution de la morphologie animale. Toutefois, la preuve définitive de cette hypothèse n’a pas encore été apportée, ce qui laisse un vide important dans notre compréhension. Dans ce contexte, le projet Evoland, financé par le CER, entend révolutionner notre compréhension de l’évolution animale. Evoland exploitera la puissance des outils de séquençage de nouvelle génération afin de percer les mystères des éléments de régulation qui contrôlent l’expression génétique. Ces régions régulatrices, connues sous le nom d’éléments cis-régulateurs, ont longtemps constitué une énigme en raison de leur organisation complexe au sein du génome tridimensionnel.
Objectif
Evolution of animal morphology relies on changes in developmental programs that control body plans and organ shape. Such changes are thought to arise form alteration of the expression of functionally conserved developmental genes and their vast downstream networks. Although this hypothesis has a profound impact on the way we view animal evolution, final proof is still lacking. The hypothesis calls for evolution to take place mainly through modifications of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) controlling gene expression. However, these genomic regions are precisely those that we understand the least and, until recently, basic knowledge on how regulatory information is organized in the 3D genome or how to spatio-temporally assign CREs to their target genes was unknown.
The advent of next generation sequencing-based tools has made possible to identify genome-wide CREs and reveal how they are organized in the 3D genome. But this new knowledge has been largely ignored by most hypotheses on the evolution of gene expression, development and animal morphology. These new high-throughput methods have been mainly restricted to selected model organisms, and due to the lack of sequence conservation of CREs across lineages, we still have very limited information about the impact of CREs on animal morphology evolution.
By integrating in a systematic and phylogenetically driven manner the contribution of CREs and their 3D organization to animal morphology at different evolutionary scales, we will for the first time link evolution, regulatory information, genome 3D architecture and morphology. We will apply this strategy to study animal morphology along the evolution of deuterostome body plans, the generation of fin morphological diversity in vertebrates, and the recent phenotypic changes in fish adapted to cave environments.
Our proposal will make ground-breaking advances in our understanding of the global principles underlying the evolution of cis-regulatory DNA and animal form.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
Thème(s)
Régime de financement
ERC-ADG - Advanced GrantInstitution d’accueil
28006 Madrid
Espagne