Descrizione del progetto
I cambiamenti climatici influiscono sulla migrazione umana
Molte espansioni umane sono collegate ai cambiamenti climatici. Antichi documenti ecologici suggeriscono che i cambiamenti climatici potrebbero aver influito sulla diaspora degli agricoltori tropicali. Di conseguenza, le aree in cui è stata praticata l’agroforestazione di policolture si sono ampliate. Il progetto EXPAND, finanziato dall’UE, utilizza la pianura dell’America meridionale come un interessante caso di studio che integra set di dati archeologici e paleoecologici su tutto il continente tramite l’architettura di modellizzazione su calcolatore per verificare il ruolo dei fattori ambientali nel tardo Olocene. I risultati del progetto aiuteranno a portare la pianura dell’America meridionale in primo piano nel dibattito sui cambiamenti climatici e sulle dinamiche della popolazione umana.
Obiettivo
The expansion of farmers and their languages was a key process in shaping cultural geographies across the globe during the late Holocene. Many human expansions in the past are linked to periods of climate change, which would have offered opportunities and constraints for migrations. In lowland South America, the extent of major language families coincides with the expansion of archaeological traditions ~3-2 kyr BP together with the dissemination of polyculture agroforestry. This period was marked by increased precipitation and forest expansion, as documented in paleoecological and paleoclimate records, ultimately suggesting that climate change may have played a role in tropical farmers' diasporas by expanding the areas where polyculture agroforestry could be practised. However, an evaluation of that hypothesis is hampered by the lack of unified archaeological databases, absence of land cover reconstructions for the late Holocene, and poor integration of archaeology and paleoecology in South America. To overcome those drawbacks, this project will integrate continent-wide archaeological and paleoecological datasets through computer modeling architecture to test the role of environmental drivers in late Holocene cultural diasporas. I will compile all available dates, coordinates and cultural information for late Holocene archaeological sites in lowland South America, model vegetation changes from all available paleoecological records, and integrate those datasets using state-of-the-art computational modeling techniques. I will employ agent-based modeling to simulate scenarios of climate-driven human expansions that will be tested based on the empirical archaeological data gathered over the course of the project. By integrating archaeology, paleoecology and computer modeling to address crucial questions about past human migrations, this project will bring lowland South America to the forefront of the debate about climate change and human population dynamics.
Campo scientifico
- natural sciencescomputer and information sciencesdatabases
- natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencessoil sciencesland-based treatment
- natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencespalaeontologypaleoecology
- natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesatmospheric sciencesclimatologyclimatic changes
- social sciencessocial geographycultural and economic geography
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
MSCA-IF-EF-ST - Standard EFCoordinatore
08002 Barcelona
Spagna