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The role of NG2 cells in the neural network in health and disease

Descrizione del progetto

Informazioni sulla biologia degli oligodendrociti

Gli oligodendrociti sono cellule gliali che isolano gli assoni del sistema nervoso centrale con una guaina mielinica. Considerando che la disfunzione degli oligodendrociti è associata a molte patologie, tra cui la neurodegenerazione, è di fondamentale importanza comprendere il modo in cui queste cellule si differenziano e regolano la mielinizzazione. Il progetto NG2-cells, finanziato dall’UE, concentrerà l’attenzione sulle cellule NG2, la popolazione delle cellule gliali che produce gli oligodendrociti. Gli scienziati del progetto chiariranno la fisiologia di queste cellule studiandone i rapporti con i neuroni e la capacità di regolare l’attività e la rete neuronale. I risultati apriranno la strada a nuove strategie di rigenerazione degli oligodendrociti.

Obiettivo

Loss of myelin and oligodendrocyte dysfunction is being recognized in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease or Epilepsy, although the mechanisms are not yet understood. Oligodendrocytes are generated from NG2 cells, a glial cell population that covers the entire parenchyma of the central nervous system. The multitude of disorders involving oligodendrocyte pathologies in grey and white matter underscores the importance to understand how oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination are regulated, and the role of NG2 cells therein. The highest density of NG2 cells can be found during the first postnatal weeks, when they differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes ensheathing axons with myelin. NG2 cells retain the capacity for self-renewal throughout life, rendering them a huge regenerative potential in the adult brain. It is still unknown whether all NG2 cells have the same potential to generate oligodendrocytes or whether a subpopulation of them becomes permanent NG2 cells. Neurons form synaptic contacts onto NG2 cells and depolarize them, in order to regulate myelination. Considering the finding, that processes of NG2 glia contact neurons at the node of Ranvier, it could be possible that NG2 cells in turn are able to modulate neuronal activity.
To address these questions, this project is designed to investigate how altered neuronal excitability affects the structural and functional relationship between neurons and NG2 cells and how these changes impact the neural network. Using a combination of several cutting-edge techniques, the details of the morphological contact formation as well as the physiological function of these contacts in vivo in models of enhanced neuronal activity will be assessed. The results will be a major contribution to understanding the role of NG2 cells in the neural network in healthy organisms as well as in the numerous diseases where oligodendrocytes are affected.

Campo scientifico (EuroSciVoc)

CORDIS classifica i progetti con EuroSciVoc, una tassonomia multilingue dei campi scientifici, attraverso un processo semi-automatico basato su tecniche NLP.

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Meccanismo di finanziamento

MSCA-IF-GF - Global Fellowships

Coordinatore

EBERHARD KARLS UNIVERSITAET TUEBINGEN
Contribution nette de l'UE
€ 264 669,12
Indirizzo
GESCHWISTER-SCHOLL-PLATZ
72074 Tuebingen
Germania

Mostra sulla mappa

Regione
Baden-Württemberg Tübingen Tübingen, Landkreis
Tipo di attività
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
Collegamenti
Costo totale
€ 264 669,12

Partner (1)