Making and wearing semi-PRECIOUS stone beads in the Near East and the Nile Valley during the Neolithic: A biographical perspective and microwear approach

Projektbeschreibung

Die Biografien archäologischer Perlen aufdecken

Kleidung und Schmuck waren im gesamten Lauf der Geschichte ein Indikator der sozialen Stellung. Menschen haben sich immer mit Statussymbolen wie Juwelen und Tätowierungen geschmückt, diese Tradition reicht mindestens 5 000 Jahre zurück. In diesem Kontext wird im Rahmen des EU-finanzierten Projekts PRECIOUS die symbolische Funktion der Halbedelsteinperlen im Nahen Osten und im Niltal während der Neolithisierung und dem Aufkommen des Bauerntums untersucht. In Gräbern gefundene Perlen werden geochemischen Analysen unterzogen und die Biografien (Herstellungs-, Reparatur- oder Recyclingtechniken) werden auf der Grundlage von mikrotopografischen Analysen und Vergleichen mit ethnografischen und experimentellen Referenzen rekonstruiert. Das Projekt wird das wenig erforschte Thema der prähistorischen Ornamente voranbringen.

Ziel

Beyond their symbolic functions, body ornaments offer crucial information to tackle the social organization of the past societies and to address their techno-cultural behaviours. In this sense, PRECIOUS is dedicated to the study of the first semi-precious stone beads in the Near East and the Nile Valley. The major aim is to understand the production and the consumption systems of these beads during the Neolithisation and the emergence of the farming communities (8th-4th mill. cal. BC). Beads discovered in burials from major Near Eastern and Nubian archaeological sites will be analysed through a microwear approach complemented by geochemical analyses. For the first time in the field of stone ornaments, high-precision surface texture analysis will be applied using the technique of the Confocal Scanning Microscopy (CSM) and metrology software. The “biographies” of the archaeological beads (manufacturing techniques, modalities of uses including accidents, repairing or recycling events) will be reconstructed through microtopographic analyses and comparisons with ethnographic and experimental references. A challenging experimental collection of references will be created as stone bead preforms will first document several drilling and finishing techniques, and then be subject to different scenarios of uses. The ethnographic material available are carnelian beads produced by traditional workshops in Yemen and India. To address the place of semi-precious stone beads within the Neolithic societies, the quality of production (levels of technicity) and maintenance will be assessed and statistically compared with well-defined chronocultural contexts and biological data available for the individuals wearing the ornaments (age, sex). The PRECIOUS project will greatly advance the research on prehistoric ornaments as it proposes the study of a little explored topic with a dedicated multi-approached methodology.