Descrizione del progetto
Primi test sulla sicurezza dei reattori a sali fusi
I reattori a sali fusi (MSR) sono uno dei numerosi progetti di reattori nucleari di prossima generazione (Gen IV) attualmente in fase di sviluppo. Gli sforzi per rilanciare i vecchi progetti nucleari sono in aumento nell’UE, in Russia e negli Stati Uniti e molte start-up stanno cercando di commercializzare la tecnologia. Sono necessari ulteriori lavori per verificare la sicurezza del reattore e degli impianti del ciclo del combustibile nucleare e per dimostrare il percorso verso la concessione di licenze tecnologiche e la distribuzione. Il progetto SAMOSAFER, finanziato dall’UE, utilizzerà tecniche numeriche e sperimentali avanzate per dimostrare la sicurezza dei MSR. Il progetto, che rappresenta il primo passo verso la validazione e la dimostrazione su larga scala della tecnologia, si propone di garantire che i MSR possano soddisfare tutti i requisiti di sicurezza previsti.
Obiettivo
The Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) is considered a game-changer in the field of nuclear energy and a strong asset in the combat against climate change. The expanding R&D programmes in China, EU, Russia, and the USA, lead to a vibrant atmosphere with many bright students entering the scene and new start-up companies eager to commercialize this technology.
The MSR typically consists of a reactor core with a liquid fuel salt, and an integrated treatment unit to clean and control the fuel salt composition. Due to the liquid fuel, the MSR excels on safety and can operate as a breeder with thorium or uranium, or as a burner of spent fuel actinides.
However, to make these promises reality, R&D is needed to demonstrate the inherent safety of the reactor, the feasibility of the fuel cycle facilities, and the path towards licensing and deployment. This will take time during which the safety requirements will become more stringent.
This proposal aims to develop and demonstrate new safety barriers and a more controlled behaviour in severe accidents, based on new simulation models and assessment tools validated with experiments.
Our proposal cover the modelling, analysis, and design improvements on:
• Prevention and control of reactivity induced accidents
• Redistribution of the fuel salt via natural circulation and draining by gravity
• Freezing and re-melting of the fuel salt during draining
• Temperature control of the salt via decay heat transfer to the environment
• Thermo-chemical control of the salt to enhance the radionuclide retention
• Nuclide extraction processes, such as helium bubbling, fluorination, and others
• Redistribution of the source term in the fuel treatment unit
• Assessment and reduction of radionuclide mobility
• Barriers against severe accidents, such as fail-safe freeze plugs, emergency drain tanks, and gas hold-up tanks
The grand objective is to ensure that the MSR can comply with all expected safety requirements in a few decades from now.
Campo scientifico
- engineering and technologyenvironmental engineeringenergy and fuelsliquid fuels
- natural scienceschemical sciencesinorganic chemistrynoble gases
- engineering and technologyenvironmental engineeringenergy and fuelsnuclear energy
- natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesatmospheric sciencesclimatologyclimatic changes
- natural scienceschemical sciencesnuclear chemistryradiation chemistry
Programma(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
RIA - Research and Innovation actionCoordinatore
2628 CN Delft
Paesi Bassi