Descrizione del progetto
Nuovi modelli biologici per rispondere ad annose domande di linguistica
Rispetto ai nostri più vicini parenti viventi, che in genere usano meno di 100 parole, gli umani possono costruire vocabolari di decine di centinaia di migliaia di parole. Il progetto MatCo, finanziato dall’UE, scoprirà perché, avvalendosi di nuove intuizioni della neurobiologia umana che saranno tradotte in modelli computazionali matematicamente esatti per trovare nuove risposte a domande di vecchia data nella scienza cognitiva, nella linguistica e nella filosofia. Il progetto esplorerà inoltre in che modo il significato semantico è implementato per i gesti e le parole e, più specificamente, per i termini referenziali e categorici. Per identificare le capacità cognitive umane, MatCo svilupperà modelli che replicano le differenze strutturali tra il cervello umano e quello dei primati non umani. I risultati faranno luce sulle reti biologicamente vincolate.
Obiettivo
Recent breakthroughs in comparative neurobiological research highlight specific features of the connectivity structure of the human brain, which open new perspectives on understanding the neural mechanisms of human-specific higher cognition and language. In delineating the material basis of human cognition and language, neurobiologically founded modelling appears as the method of choice, as it allows not only for ‘external fitting’ of models to key experimental data, but, in addition, for ‘internal’ or ‘material fitting’ of the model components to the structure of brains, cortical areas and neuronal circuits. This novel research pathway offers biologically well-founded and computationally precise perspectives on addressing exciting hitherto unanswered fundamental questions: How can humans build vocabularies of tens and hundreds of thousands of words, whereas our closest evolutionary relatives typically use below 100? How is semantic meaning implemented for gestures and words, and, more specifically, for referential and categorical terms? How can grounding and interpretability of abstract symbols be anchored biologically? Which features of connectivity between nerve cells are crucial for the formation of discrete representations and categorical combination? Would modelling of cognitive functions using brain-constrained networks allow for better predictions on brain activity indexing the processing of signs and their meaning? This project will use novel insights from human neurobiology translated into mathematically exact computational models to find new answers to long-standing questions in cognitive science, linguistics and philosophy. Models replicating structural differences between human and non-human primate brains will help delineate mechanisms underlying specifically human cognitive capacities. Key experiments will validate critical model predictions and new neurophysiological data will be applied to further improve the biologically-constrained networks.
Campo scientifico
Parole chiave
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
ERC-ADG - Advanced GrantIstituzione ospitante
14195 Berlin
Germania