Descrizione del progetto
Meccanismi genomici nell’evoluzione degli organismi
I cambiamenti del fenotipo avvengono durante la transizione di alcuni organismi dalla superficie all’ambiente sotterraneo. Tra questi vi sono la perdita della pigmentazione degli occhi e della pelle e l’aumento degli organi sensoriali non visivi. L’olmo (Proteus anguinus), che figura come specie vulnerabile, rappresenta un famoso esempio di evoluzione convergente in questa transizione. Il progetto GENEVOLCAV, finanziato dall’UE, utilizzerà l’olmo come organismo modello per studiare e spiegare i meccanismi genomici coinvolti in tale transizione. Il progetto ricostruirà il numero di transizioni indipendenti che hanno luogo dalla superficie alle caverne in tutti i lignaggi dell’olmo, genererà un assemblaggio completo a livello cromosomico del suo genoma, individuerà i meccanismi genetici e selettivi e ricostruirà la storia demografica dei suoi lignaggi.
Obiettivo
Understanding the causes of major changes of form and function of organisms is one of the big goals of evolutionary biology. Dramatic phenotypic changes happen at the transition from the surface to a subterranean life. They involve the loss of eyes and skin pigmentation, and augmentation of non-visual sensory organs. In this project I will investigate the genetic mechanisms involved in this transition, using the olm (Proteus anguinus), the largest obligate cave inhabitant, as a model organism. The olm is famous for its peculiar appearance and as a European flagship species of conservation priority. Underscoring its importance, sir David Attenborough listed it as one of ten species he would take on his personal ark to save it from extinction. The olm represents a famous example of convergent evolution at the transition from surface to caves, as already noted by Charles Darwin in his 'On the origin of species'. My overarching goal is to elucidate the genomic mechanisms involved in this transition. The specific objectives of this project are to i) reconstruct the number of independent transitions from surface to caves across all olm lineages, ii) produce a full chromosome-level assembly of the olm's genome, iii) identify the genetic and selective mechanisms associated with this transition, and iv) reconstruct the demographic history of olm lineages. This research will be made possible by combining the expertise of world-leading institutions in cave biology (University of Ljubljana) and sequencing technology (BGI- Research). Using this expertise and knowledge, I will answer a long-lasting question about the evolutionary mechanisms that drive the loss of characters. In addition, my work will contribute to the largest genome assembled for any animal species. The identification of independent evolutionary lineages will help setting urgently needed international conservation priorities for olms.
Campo scientifico
Parole chiave
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)Coordinatore
1000 Ljubljana
Slovenia