Descrizione del progetto
Studiare la comparsa delle abilità di calcolo umane
Molti animali, tra cui gli esseri umani, sono capaci di distinguere spontaneamente le quantità, in una certa misura. Ma solo gli esseri umani hanno sviluppato strumenti cognitivi per tenere traccia ed esprimere la quantità esatta (ad esempio, per mezzo di parole, parti del corpo o con la scrittura). Il progetto QUANTA, finanziato con sovvenzione Synergie del CER, tenta di studiare quando, come e perché gli esseri umani hanno sviluppato questi strumenti e il motivo delle loro differenze tra una cultura e l’altra. Il progetto adotta un approccio interdisciplinare che integra dati sugli strumenti cognitivi per la quantificazione provenienti da tutto il mondo; si avvale di un quadro cognitivo per formulare ipotesi sulla comparsa e sull’evoluzione di questi strumenti; e verifica queste ipotesi con potenti metodi computazionali filogenetici, aprendo così una visione sul passato remoto.
Obiettivo
Exact quantification, including the ability to count, depends on both conceptual breakthroughs and cognitive tools such as numeral systems. These tools appear in striking diversity across cultures and manifest in different modalities (verbal, body-based, written, or material). To address the tantalizing questions of when, why, and how they emerged and evolved, we test two previously untestable key hypotheses: that conceptual breakthroughs and tools co-evolved, with different modalities coactively scaffolding the breakthroughs; and that the tools diversified in response to changing cultural requirements. Reconstructing this evolution is the prime goal of QUANTA. Addressing its ambitious objectives requires an unprecedented synergetic combination of (i) archaeological, ethnographic, and linguistic insights into numeral systems worldwide, including prehistoric artefacts and symbols, and on contemporary contexts in which quantification occurs and changes; (ii) a cognitive framework for deriving evolutionary hypotheses from system properties; (iii) powerful computational (phylogenetic) methods for testing these hypotheses and thereby reconstructing cultural evolution; and (iv) innovative means to substantially extend the temporal scope of these methods into the past, to include the first attested instances of quantification. To achieve this goal, QUANTA brings together four leading PIs with unique and complementary expertise in exactly these means. By integrating an evolutionary approach with a cognitive perspective on quantification, QUANTA will transform this research field. Its novel strategy will, for the first time ever, yield substantiated insights into the emergence and evolution of numeral systems, thus advancing our understanding of human cognition and its dependence on cultural tools. While the highly interdisciplinary, multi-method approach renders this a high-risk project, QUANTA has the potential to bridge the gap between previously incommensurable fields.
Campo scientifico
Parole chiave
- numbers
- language
- and mind
- evolutionary anthropology
- cultural evolution
- phylogenetics
- numerical cognition & culture
- numeral systems
- diversification of languages
- distributed cognition
- cognitive evolution
- prehistory
- quantification
- counting devices
- experimental archaeology
- history of writing
- notational systems
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
ERC-SyG - Synergy grantIstituzione ospitante
5020 Bergen
Norvegia