Periodic Reporting for period 1 - INSTABAT (Innovative physical/virtual sensor platform for battery cell)
Periodo di rendicontazione: 2020-09-01 al 2022-02-28
To achieve this goal, INSTABAT will develop a proof of concept of smart sensing technologies and functionalities, integrated into a battery cell and capable of:
• performing reliable in operando monitoring (time- and space-resolved) of key parameters (temperature and heat flow; pressure; strain; Li+ concentration and distribution; CO2 concentration; “absolute” impedance, potential and polarisation) by means of:
(i) four embedded physical sensors (optical fibres with Fiber Bragg Grating and luminescence probes, reference electrode and photo-acoustic gas sensor),
(ii) two virtual sensors (based on reduced electro-chemical and thermal models),
• correlating the evolution of these parameters with the physico-chemical degradation phenomena occurring at the heart of the battery cell,
• improving the battery functional performance and safety, thanks to enhanced BMS algorithms providing in real-time higher accuracy SoX cell indicators (taking the measured and estimated parameters into consideration).
The main results will be: (1) a proof of concept of a multi-sensor platform (cell prototype equipped with physical/virtual sensors, and associated BMS algorithms providing SoX cell indicators in real time); (2) demonstration of higher accuracy for SoX cell indicators; (3) demonstration of improvement of cell functional performance and safety through two use cases for EV applications; (4) techno-economic feasibility study (manufacturability, adaptability to other cell technologies...).
Development of the Electrochemical virtual sensor has advanced as planned (D4.1) and initial validation against COMSOL model by CEA (D4.2) is underway with very positive preliminary results. Electrochemical virtual sensors are fully parametrizable for varying resolution. Development of reduced electrochemical model and E-BASE algorithm considering computation time restrictions and modularity in the resolution for the real-time implementation, as well as C code generation and compilation for integration into the real-time platform. First comparisons underway for SoC in simple scenarios for single temperature point and adequate initialization using the electrochemical model (E-BASE) seem to be within the 0.5% of the reference model (CEA 1D+1D electrode model).
A first version of the multi-physics instrumentation platform was developed in WP5 to exploit the sensors signal in real time. A first demonstration of the INSTABAT lab-on-cell concept was achieved with an instrumented cell with RE and OF-LumT sensors in cycling condition at high loading (up to 3C and 4D). Within BIGMAP, an experimental portfolio of complementary techniques is developed towards the implementation of a multimodal and multiscale characterisation platform. In-operando synchrotron experiments were realised and analysed according to BIGMAP standards and protocols on INSTABAT pouch cells instrumented with different types of sensors.
In addition, INSTABAT will innovate by assessing the: (1) number of sensors / measurement points needed and their best positioning to provide measurements with the highest possible quality; (2) impact of the measurements provided by the physical sensors on the accuracy of the virtual sensors; (3) benefits of each physical sensor and measured parameter on the accuracy of the SoX indicators to suggest the best trade-off between the number of physical measures and model accuracy. The gain in accuracy will also be related to the sensors cost, their potential disturbance of the cell functioning and to the manufacturing difficulties.
INSTABAT will contribute to an improvement of performance and strongly force the development of sustainable battery storage solutions for Li-ion batteries at a more competitive price. The “lab-on-a-cell” approach will be used to develop a new generation of Li-ion and post-Li-ion batteries in the future, which is aligned with the objectives of the Work Programme. Moreover, INSTABAT will contribute to a successful mass introduction of batteries for mobility, allowing for substantial improvements leading to an ultra-high performance. The INSTABAT project is also well aligned with the specific impacts set out in the call LC-BAT-13.