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Risultati finali
Nuclear safety technologies are in many cases based on information obtained from scaled experiments. In such cases it is necessary to show how the experimental results can be transferred or applied to real, prototypical reactor conditions. The SCACEX Thematic Network was created with the aim to perform such transfer by application of scaling methods in a selected area of nuclear reactor safety research related to the reactor containment. The acronym SCACEX stands for SCAling of Containment Experiments. A group of European experts was asked to conduct and document scaling analyses for reactor safety experiments done or planned in their laboratories.
The network activities included a compilation of scaling methods as theoretical background, consulting for individual scaling analyses, and a number of meetings to promote information exchange and monitor progress in the group of network participants.
The scaling analyses presented in the final project report cover the following fields:
- Turbulent and radioactive heat transfer;
- Heat transfer by steam condensation and evaporation;
- Containment spray systems;
- Bubble condenser containment thermal hydraulics;
- Natural convective flow processes in the containment atmosphere;
- Cable ageing;
- Containment penetration sealing;
- Cracking and leakage through concrete walls;
- Steel structures under dynamic loads.
The analyses demonstrate that the existing methods of scaling and similarity analysis have an almost universal range of applicability. They require a good knowledge of the phenomena associated with the individual experiments, which is conveniently documented in a simplified Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table (PIRT). Several ways to establish dimensionless numbers were taken, and it was found that this could be a more challenging task where no straightforward recipes are available, especially in areas where scaling methods are not well established.
The SCACEX report is intended to serve as a reference for future scaling analyses in similar applications. As result of the work, common features of scaling in different application fields can be identified as follows:
- Identification and ranking of relevant phenomena (simplified PIRT);
- List of relevant parameters associated with the phenomena;
- List of dimensionless numbers derived from the relevant parameters;
- Interpretation taking into account the geometric (or time-related) scale ratios.
Network participants agreed that scaling analysis is a very useful approach to show how experimental data can be transferred to the prototype. The method reveals the limitations to this transfer, it helps to get a more complete understanding of the investigated processes, and it can be used to specify more effective and less costly experiments. It is suggested to extend the work to other fields of nuclear safety research, like primary system or core melt behaviour, in order to establish a more comprehensive reference of scaling analysis for nuclear engineers.
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