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T cell regulation by fed state bacterial metabolites

Descrizione del progetto

Approfondimenti meccanici sulla tolleranza immunitaria del microbiota intestinale

I microrganismi che colonizzano il tratto gastrointestinale esercitano un impatto benefico sulla salute generale e partecipano al metabolismo delle sostanze nutritive dell’organismo ospitante, con cui intrattengono una relazione simbiotica, il che implica l’assenza di reazioni del suo sistema immunitario contro di loro. Le prove emergenti sul meccanismo suggeriscono che il metabolismo batterico degli acidi biliari e delle fibre alimentari promuove la differenziazione delle cellule T soppressive. Il progetto T Cell Feedback, finanziato dal CER, si baserà su queste prove esaminando altri indizi immunoregolatori messi in atto dai batteri intestinali. I ricercatori si concentreranno sul metabolismo batterico e sulle molecole prodotte in risposta all’assunzione di cibo, ricavando risultati che forniranno importanti informazioni sulla tolleranza immunologica ai microrganismi intestinali commensali.

Obiettivo

Intestinal microbial communities expand the functional capabilities of the host via their metabolic attributes. From energy harvest to the production of vitamins, the gut microbiota shapes mammalian physiology and is often considered a postnatally developed organ. Yet, the microbiome poses a formidable challenge to the immune system: How can we host trillions of bacteria without mounting an inflammatory response?
Gut immune homeostasis relies on the balanced action of suppressive and inflammatory T cell subsets. I discovered that bacterial metabolism of bile acids and dietary fibers promotes the differentiation of suppressive T cells. Given the complexity of the microbiome, finding other immunoregulatory cues deployed by gut bacteria and their mechanisms of action remains a major challenge, and the logic behind these tolerance mechanisms is not understood. I will use a novel conceptual framework to bridge this gap: based on my previous findings, I postulate that immunoregulatory bacterial molecules are produced in response to food intake. Within this emerging paradigm, I selected two new groups of bacterial molecules for immediate investigation and developed a strategy to identify novel putative immunoregulatory candidates based on a careful examination of microbial metabolism after food intake. I will find the molecular targets of active molecules using chemical screening and chemoproteomic methods and test metabolites in vivo by colonizing germ-free mice with genetically manipulated bacterial strains.
The proposed work is grounded on my strong expertise in host-microbe interactions and takes advantage of the state-of-the-art biochemistry facilities at my hosting institution and of the complementary skillsets of my collaboration network. This synergistic combination will allow for a comprehensive interrogation of immunological tolerance to gut commensals: from metabolites and their molecular targets to their functional relevance for intestinal health.

Campo scientifico (EuroSciVoc)

Parole chiave

Programma(i)

Argomento(i)

Meccanismo di finanziamento

HORIZON-ERC - HORIZON ERC Grants

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(si apre in una nuova finestra) ERC-2023-STG

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Istituzione ospitante

CEMM - FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM FUER MOLEKULARE MEDIZIN GMBH
Contributo netto dell'UE
€ 1 499 548,00
Indirizzo
LAZARETTGASSE 14 AKH BT 25.3
1090 Wien
Austria
Regione
Ostösterreich Wien Wien
Tipo di attività
Private for-profit entities (excluding Higher or Secondary Education Establishments)
Collegamenti
Costo totale
€ 1 499 548,00

Beneficiari (1)