Descrizione del progetto
Un nuovo sguardo alle decisioni difficili nella bioetica
Negli ultimi anni, la scienza biomedica è progredita rapidamente; progressi nella ricerca in materia di genetica e di medicina preventiva hanno consentito alla scienza medica di prendere parte ai processi vitali fondamentali. Di fronte alle incertezze e alle questioni bioetiche esistenti, tutto questo solleva molti interrogativi e provoca risposte emotive, ma consente anche di influire su decisioni e sentenze normative, quali l’euristica o i pregiudizi. Il progetto BIOUNCERTAINTY, finanziato dall’UE, condurrà una nuova analisi sul dibattito etico relativo agli sviluppi biomedici, analizzerà casi di studio e condurrà esperimenti psicologici. BIOUNCERTAINTY studierà i pregiudizi e l’influenza sulle decisioni normative nella bioetica o i processi di separazione dei giudizi di valore e fuorvianti. I risultati porteranno a soluzioni pratiche migliori per la normativa della ricerca biomedica.
Obiettivo
Uncertainty is everywhere, as the saying goes, but rarely considered in ethical reflections. This project aims to reinterpret ethical discussions on current advances in biomedicine: instead of understanding bioethical positions as extensions of classical normative views in ethics (consequentialism, deontologism, contractualism etc.), my project interprets them more accurately as involving various normative approaches to decision making under uncertainty. The following hard cases in bioethics provide the motivation for research:
1) Regulating scientific research under uncertainty about the ontological/moral status (e.g. parthenogenetic stem cells derived from human parthenotes) in the context of meta-reasoning under normative uncertainty.
2) The value of preventive medicine in healthcare (e.g. vaccinations) in the context of decision-making under metaphysical indeterminacy.
3) Population or reproductive decisions (e.g. preimplantation genetic diagnosis) in the context of valuing mere existence.
The main drive behind this project is the rapid progress in biomedical research combined with new kinds of uncertainties. These new and “deep” uncertainties trigger specific forms of emotions and cognitions that influence normative judgments and decisions. The main research questions that will be addressed by conceptual analysis, new psychological experiments, and case studies are the following: how do the heuristics and biases (H&B) documented by behavioral scientists influence the formation of normative judgments in bioethical contexts; how to demarcate between distorted and undistorted value judgments; to what extent is it permissible for individuals or policy makers to yield to H&B. The hypothesis is that many existing bioethical rules, regulations, practices seem to have emerged from unreliable reactions, rather than by means of deliberation on the possible justifications for alternative ways to decide about them under several layers and types of uncertainty.
Campo scientifico
Parole chiave
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
ERC-STG - Starting GrantIstituzione ospitante
31-007 Krakow
Polonia