Projektbeschreibung
Bewertung der Schutzmechanismen von Pflanzen gegen Sauerstoffverlust und Toxininvasionen
Pflanzen überleben in den Schwemmböden von Umgebungen, die den Gezeiten unterworfen sind und in denen die Sauerstoffverfügbarkeit von Natur aus gering ist. Dies ist den mit Gas gefüllten Innenräumen in ihren Geweben zu verdanken. Allerdings enthalten solche Böden auch für Pflanzen schädliche Substanzen wie Sulfid, ein starkes Pflanzengift. Das EU-finanzierte Projekt ROLLBAR wird die konkrete Rolle des radialen Sauerstoffverlusts der Wurzeln und einer entsprechenden Wurzelbarriere zum Schutz vor dem Eindringen von Pflanzengiften in das Pflanzengewebe beleuchten. Der innovative Aspekt von ROLLBAR liegt in der Verwendung fortschrittlicher Technologien zur Messung von Sauerstoff und Sulfiden an der Wurzel-Rhizosphären-Grenzfläche von Schlüsselarten.
Ziel
ROLLBAR focuses on the role of two contrasting strategies against sulfide toxicity of saltmarsh plant species: i) root radial oxygen loss (ROL) and ii) formation of a root barrier to ROL. Plants inhabiting tidal environments with frequent floods possess internal gas-filled spaces in their tissues (aerenchyma), facilitating oxygen (O2) diffusion from shoot to roots. This trait enables tolerance to the inherently low O2 availability in flooded soils. Such soils show high levels of reduced compounds harmful for plants, amongst which sulfide is a potent phytotoxin. The role of ROL and a root ROL barrier in flood tolerance is widely recognised whereas the function of these traits in protecting roots from phytotoxin intrusion in plant tissues is still controversial. The ROLLBAR project aims to shed light on this topic. O2 escapes from roots via ROL and oxidises the rhizosphere; sulfides are chemically oxidised to sulfate and reduced iron [Fe(II)] is oxidised to Fe(III), which can precipitate on root surfaces as iron minerals called iron plaques. Both ROL and iron plaques can protect plants from sulfide intrusion. When the root ROL barrier (suberin depositions in the outer cell layer) is developed, oxidation of sulfides occurs inside roots, as a result of the better O2 status further enhanced by photosynthesis in light. The ROL barrier could impede sulfide intrusion acting as a shield, although there is no experimental evidence to support this function. The project aims to address three major scientific questions: i) which chemical compounds trigger the formation of a root barrier to ROL? ii) can the ROL barrier prevent sulfide intrusion into roots? and iii) can ROL and iron plaques reduce sulfide intrusion into roots? The novelty of the project relies on obtaining direct measurements of O2 and sulfides at the root-rhizosphere interface of key species using advanced contemporary technology such as microsensors, root-sleeving electrodes and planar optodes.
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