Opis projektu
Monitorowanie rozprzestrzeniania się upraw
Pochodzenie rolnictwa to złożona kwestia. W różnych okresach udomowiono różne rośliny i zwierzęta. A co z brzoskwiniami i pistacjami albo jabłkami i orzechami włoskimi? Jako że badacze skupiają się głównie na udomowieniu i rozproszeniu roślin i zwierząt, historia wielu udomowionych drzew pozostaje zagadką. Twórcy finansowanego przez UE projektu FEDD przeanalizują pochodzenie i rozprzestrzenianie się wielu najpopularniejszych na świecie owoców, porównując dane historyczne, archeologiczne i lingwistyczne z wynikami analizy archeobotanicznej, modelowania genomicznego i starożytnej proteomiki. Uzyskane wyniki rzucą światło na zmiany biologiczne w owocach oraz zmiany kulturowe pośród ich hodowców w okresie udomawiania.
Cel
Plant and animal domestication and dispersal is one of the most heavily debated topics in the social and biological sciences. However, a focus on the cereals has dramatically overshadowed other scholarship in the field, resulting in a shocking lack of scientific data relating to the origins of many crops. In contrast to annual crops, the domestication of long-generation perennials appears to have taken different biological trajectories and required significant cultural and ideological shifts. The FEDD project will study the origins and spread of many of the world’s most popular fruits by contrasting art historical, historical, archaeological, and linguistic data with the results from archaeobotanical, genomics modelling, and ancient proteomics analyses. My team will focus on the broad geographic region of Central Eurasia, where several of the most cultivated fruits in the world are thought to have originated. Furthermore, many other economically important fruits spread across Eurasia in antiquity along exchange routes colloquially called the Silk Road. Contrasting the results of these multidisciplinary studies will allow us to look at biological changes in the fruits and cultural changes among their cultivators during the domestication process. My unique ability to conduct this research rests in access to archaeobotanical material from collaborations with archaeological excavations (n=15) spanning the late Pleistocene to the medieval period and crossing seven different countries. The project represents an international endeavour, incorporating collaborators working in many of the least-studied areas of Eurasia, and will pull together team members interested in approaching plant domestication studies from different methodological perspectives. The FEDD project seeks to uncover the enigmatic journey of some of the most beloved items on our kitchen tables; from apples to peaches and pistachios to walnuts, we will explore the domestication and spread of arboreal crops.
Dziedzina nauki
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesbiochemistrybiomoleculesproteinsproteomics
- humanitieshistory and archaeologyhistoryancient history
- humanitieshistory and archaeologyhistorymedieval history
- agricultural sciencesagriculture, forestry, and fisheriesagriculturehorticulturefruit growing
- agricultural sciencesagriculture, forestry, and fisheriesagriculturegrains and oilseedscereals
Słowa kluczowe
Program(-y)
Temat(-y)
System finansowania
ERC-STG - Starting GrantInstytucja przyjmująca
80539 Munchen
Niemcy