Descrizione del progetto
Controllo delle malattie trasmesse da vettori
Le malattie trasmesse da vettori causano decine di milioni di casi e portano a quasi un milione di decessi in tutto il mondo ogni anno. I vettori sono organismi che trasmettono malattie tra uomo e animali e nella maggior parte dei casi si tratta di artropodi succhia-sangue che trasmettono malattie quali Chagas, Zika, malaria e dengue. I tentativi della sanità pubblica di controllare la popolazione di vettori spesso risultano nel suo declino, ma inaspettati cambiamenti evolutivi ed ecologici potrebbero minare gli sforzi di controllo. Il progetto MOVE, finanziato dall’UE, si concentra sull’integrazione dei progressi scientifici negli studi ecologici sugli organismi vettori, sulle applicazioni nell’entomologia medica e negli sforzi per la salute pubblica. La ricerca implicherà un approccio interdisciplinare e applicherà modelli quantitativi spazio-stato per i dati di sorveglianza della popolazione di vettori da cinque paesi in cui la malaria è endemica con un’analisi complessa dell’impatto dell’iniziativa di intervento sulle dinamiche della popolazione di vettori.
Obiettivo
Control of vector-borne diseases from Chagas to Malaria to Dengue largely relies on reducing or eliminating the arthropod vector populations. These public health initiatives routinely lead to at least initial declines in vector populations. The challenge is that as populations decline, unexpected evolutionary (such as insecticide resistance) and ecological changes (such as population fragmentation and altered density-dependence) can occur that might facilitate or undermine control efforts. However, the relative importance of these ecological intra- and inter-specific processes in regulating vector populations is almost unknown, which hinders the prediction of vector population dynamics and how different interventions might be most effectively deployed to sustainably suppress vectors. Although vector surveillance has generated extensive high-resolution time series datasets to assess the factors that underpin population persistence and regulation, the cutting-edge analytical tools required to overcome the complexity of these data have been mostly developed by ecologists and have rarely been applied in medical entomology. Filling both these knowledge and methodological gaps will require closer integration of public health science, medical entomology and ecology that I intend to deliver through this proposal. As a quantitative ecologist, I will work closely with medical entomologists and public health scientists, to develop and apply sophisticated state-space models to longitudinal vector surveillance data from five malaria endemic countries. I will determine how interventions impact vector: 1) population regulation, 2) metapopulation connectivity and persistence, and 3) community composition. This unprecedented demographic dissection of vector populations will simultaneously challenge ecological theory and explore how to harness intra- and inter-specific processes in vector populations to accelerate 'end-game' strategies that move from vector control to elimination.
Campo scientifico
Parole chiave
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
ERC-STG - Starting GrantIstituzione ospitante
G12 8QQ Glasgow
Regno Unito