Descrizione del progetto
Mettere alla prova l’apprendimento linguistico
I bambini di tutto il mondo acquisiscono il linguaggio e con esso la capacità umana di comunicare pensieri complessi. Saranno condotti dodici studi mirati sull’acquisizione del linguaggio su scala globale per determinare se il linguaggio comprime radicalmente le strutture del pensiero in suoni o segni. Mentre le attuali teorie ipotizzano un parallelo tra pensiero e linguaggio o trasformazioni che preservano il significato, il progetto LeibnizDream, finanziato dall’UE, presuppone che il pensiero sia associato al linguaggio realizzando solo alcuni elementi di rappresentazione concettuale. Per svolgere gli studi, il progetto ha reclutato collaboratori per più di 50 lingue di 21 diverse famiglie linguistiche, due lingue dei segni e due creoli.
Obiettivo
Children around the globe acquire language and with it the human ability to communicate complex thoughts. This project develops a new linguistic theory to explain language and its acquisition. Our central hypothesis is that language radically compresses thought structures to sound or sign. While current theories assume a parallel between thought and language or meaning-preserving transformations, we assume that thought is mapped to language by only realizing some pieces of conceptual representations. Adult language is hyper-efficient at compressing information. For this reason, Leibniz and many others over the last 300 years have been unable to agree on the primitives of human thought. We predict that child languages are a better mirror of the human mind. Our initial evidence suggests that children are not able to compress conceptual representations as efficiently as adults. Sometimes children produce more material than adults, leading to so-called commission errors, which have never been systematically investigated. Furthermore, comprehension is easier for children when there is a one-to-one match between language and thought. To test our central hypothesis and specify how conceptual structure is compressed into language, we carry out a series of at least twelve targeted language acquisition studies on a global scale. We have recruited collaborators for more than 50 languages from 21 different language families, two sign languages and two creoles to carry out our studies. With this data, we can formulate a complete formal model of the semantic primitives, their combination into conceptual structures, the morphological compression mechanism, and the acquisition process within our model. To accomplish these goals, we rely on insights from formal semantics, generative syntax, distributed morphology, and several other linguistic frameworks. As part of our work, we also create the first open, global research collaboration to conduct language acquisition studies.
Campo scientifico
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
ERC-SyG - Synergy grantIstituzione ospitante
10117 Berlin
Germania