Descrizione del progetto
La retorica complottista e l’ascesa del populismo
I movimenti e i partiti populisti in Europa e oltre sono aumentati negli ultimi 20 anni. Lo stesso vale per le teorie del complotto, e non si tratta di una coincidenza. I leader populisti ricorrono alla retorica complottista mentre una parte significativa della loro base elettorale dimostra il proprio consenso. Tuttavia, ci sono ancora molti interrogativi intorno alle teorie del complotto, in particolare riguardo alle tempistiche, alle maniere e alle ragioni per cui si manifestano, nonché alle loro conseguenze. Il pubblico complottista è di destra o di sinistra? Cambia qualcosa quando i populisti salgono al potere? Come reagiscono le persone contrarie a queste teorie? Il progetto PACT, finanziato dall’UE, analizzerà il ruolo giocato dalle teorie del complotto nell’ascesa di movimenti populisti negli USA, in Brasile, in Austria, in Ungheria, in Italia e in Polonia. Il progetto prenderà in considerazione il significato di queste teorie sia per i leader che per i sostenitori dei partiti.
Obiettivo
The last two decades have seen the rise of populist movements and parties in Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Africa. Over the same period, conspiracy theories have also significantly gained in visibility and impact. As any casual observer of contemporary politics knows, the two phenomena are connected. Populist leaders often use conspiracist rhetoric, and many of their followers are receptive to it. Previous research has highlighted parallels between the two phenomena (such as Manicheanism and simplification) but left important questions unanswered. When, how, why, and to what effects do populists articulate conspiracy theories? Are they more prominent on the right than on the left? Does their significance change when parties move from the opposition into power? How do populist movements deal with the fact that some of their members believe in conspiracy theories, but others do not?
To answer these and related questions, this interdisciplinary project will analyze the role of conspiracy theories for currently successful populist movements in the United States, Brazil, Austria, Hungary, Italy, and Poland. Paying close attention to national, media, and other contexts, it will examine the significance of conspiracy theories for party leaders as well as for ordinary members. Methodologically, the project will combine Critical Discourse Analysis (of speeches, party manifestos, social media etc.) with ethnographic fieldwork (participant observation and semi-structured interviews) to provide a holistic and comprehensive account. Conceptually, the project will combine the ideational and discursive-stylistic approaches to populism. A similar investigation has never been undertaken. The project’s results have potential implications beyond the academic realm. They will not solve the problems that populism and conspiracy theory pose. But there is a fair chance that they will help to meet better the challenges that they currently pose to liberal representational democracy.
Campo scientifico
Parole chiave
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
ERC-COG - Consolidator GrantIstituzione ospitante
72074 Tuebingen
Germania