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Deciphering the cyst nematode parasitic program by uncovering how their virulence is orchestrated

Projektbeschreibung

Molekulare Mechanismen der Virulenz parasitischer Fadenwürmer

Pflanzenparasitische Fadenwürmer (Nematoden) bilden eine große Gruppe von Pflanzenpathogenen, welche die heutige und zukünftige Ernährungssicherheit gefährden. Einer von ihnen, der Zystennematode, greift unsere wichtigsten Nutzpflanzen (Tomate, Kartoffel) an und verursacht Verluste von bis zu 80 %. Neue europäische Verordnungen verbieten den Einsatz vieler wirksamer Pestizide, darunter auch die Nematizide. Im EU-finanzierten Projekt NEMABOX soll nun die Virulenz von Zystennematoden untersucht werden, um neue Angriffspunkte für eine nachhaltige Eindämmung über biotechnologische Mittel zu finden. Um einen Schaden zu verursachen, müssen Zystennematoden Effektorproteine in die Pflanze injizieren. Produziert werden diese Effektoren in den dorsalen oder subventralen Drüsen des Nematoden. In einer bestimmten Untergruppe von Effektoren aus der dorsalen Drüse liegt ein nichtkodierendes DNS-Motiv mit sechs Basenpaaren vor, das „DOG-Box“ genannt wird. Diese aktuelle Studie wird nun die molekularen Mechanismen hinter der Regulierung der Effektoren in den Drüsenzellen näher betrachten.

Ziel

Plant parasitic nematodes represent a significant group of plant pathogens that threaten current and future food security. Among them, the cyst nematodes target some of the most important crop species (tomato, potato) and cause up to 80% losses. European regulations prohibit the future use of many effective nematicides. We must improve our understanding of the virulence of the cyst nematodes to identify new targets for a sustainable biotechnological control of these pests. Here, I will use my experiences gained on plant-fungal interactions to address a major question in plant-nematode interactions: how is plant-parasitism orchestrated at the molecular level? To be virulent, cyst nematodes must inject “effector” proteins into the plant. These effectors are primarily produced in either the nematode’s dorsal or sub-ventral glands. Hundreds of these dorsal gland effectors are unified by a six base-pair non coding DNA motif, termed the “DOG box”. In a recent effort, a transcription factor that can recognize the DOG-box was identified, termed the “DOG box reader”. This discovery is the first tangible insight into the regulation of plant-nematode parasitism and opens the possibility to explore a new area of research. However, I recognize that the DOG box and its corresponding reader are only one part of the jigsaw puzzle. To complete the picture, in depth and breadth, I need to know: How does the DOG box reader work in vivo, and does it work alone? What are the genetic signatures and readers of other glands and at other times? To what extent are regulatory mechanisms conserved between cyst nematode species? I expect that successful completion of this fellowship will launch my independent academic career, drive forward the state-of the-art with a holistic “spatio-temporal” view of how plant-nematode parasitism is orchestrated at the molecular level, and provide a basis to explore sustainable solutions for improved food security, in line with the Horizon2020 programme.

Koordinator

THE CHANCELLOR MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Netto-EU-Beitrag
€ 212 933,76
Adresse
TRINITY LANE THE OLD SCHOOLS
CB2 1TN Cambridge
Vereinigtes Königreich

Auf der Karte ansehen

Region
East of England East Anglia Cambridgeshire CC
Aktivitätstyp
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
Links
Gesamtkosten
€ 212 933,76