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1,000 ancient genomes: gene-economy innovation in cattle, sheep and goat

Descrizione del progetto

Metodi innovativi per individuare l’intervento umano nell’allevamento di animali

I filoni genetici degli antenati di capre, bovini e pecore sono stati modellati da una vasta gamma di fattori, quali l’allevamento degli animali, le condizioni ambientali, l’ibridazione e la deriva genetica casuale. Il loro iniziale addomesticamento, l’intensificazione dell’uso di prodotti animali e la creazione di ecotipi specifici sono episodi chiave nelle interazioni uomo-animale. Tuttavia, questi importanti eventi vengono vagamente individuati nel tempo e nello spazio. Il progetto AncestralWeave finanziato dall’UE combinerà metodi innovativi e dati dell’intero genoma dell’antichità, al fine di ricostruire i filoni di ascendenza di capre, bovini e pecore per l’intero genoma nel corso dei suddetti episodi trasformativi. Il progetto produrrà in totale una serie di 1 000 genomi animali dell’antichità, grazie a cui sarà possibile individuare l’intervento umano sull’allevamento di animali. I risultati consentiranno quindi di acquisire conoscenze sulle mutazioni dannose che oggi minacciano gli animali da allevamento.

Obiettivo

The genetic threads of goat, cattle and sheep ancestry have been woven by human breeding, environmental pressures, hybridisation and the chance effects of genetic drift. The ancestral weaves of these key animals intertwine with human creativity in the most profoundly innovative episodes of the human past. Three broad episodes of particular import were: initial domestications circa 11 kya in Southwest Asia; the intensification circa 6 kya of use of those animal products which are harvested without killing such as wool, milk and traction; and the development of exceptionally productive landraces, later formalized into breeds, in recent millennia. However, each of these is loosely defined in time and space, the key traits are often osteologically invisible, and the vectors of causality in their virtuous cycles of gene-economy innovation are completely unknown.

A combination of high coverage ancient whole genome data coupled with new analysis methods that allow efficient computation of genomewide locus genealogies will be used to untangle the threads of ancestry in sheep, cattle and goat across the whole genome in these transformative phases. Combining these with additional low coverage genomes generated from less preserved samples will generate a total set of 1,000 ancient animal genomes. These data will be unprecedented and will allow tracking of selection at trait genes, in order to detect human agency in breeding and, in collaboration with archaeologist partners, asking are there periods and places where threads of innovation coalesce. The project will also use ancient epigenetics to explore archaeological variation in gene activation patterns and will seek to understand the problematic build up of harmful mutations that threaten livestock today. With cognate disciplines, it will compare signals of animal mobility identifying distinct genetic strata correlating with archaeological horizons and affording the prospect of DNA-dating in future excavation.

Meccanismo di finanziamento

ERC-ADG - Advanced Grant

Istituzione ospitante

THE PROVOST, FELLOWS, FOUNDATION SCHOLARS & THE OTHER MEMBERS OF BOARD, OF THE COLLEGE OF THE HOLY & UNDIVIDED TRINITY OF QUEEN ELIZABETH NEAR DUBLIN
Contribution nette de l'UE
€ 2 499 198,75
Indirizzo
COLLEGE GREEN TRINITY COLLEGE
D02 CX56 DUBLIN 2
Irlanda

Mostra sulla mappa

Regione
Ireland Eastern and Midland Dublin
Tipo di attività
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
Collegamenti
Costo totale
€ 2 499 198,75

Beneficiari (1)