Descrizione del progetto
Raccogliere energia solare in mezzo al mare
Il fotovoltaico solare è una tecnologia energetica fondamentale per consentire la decarbonizzazione di un settore energetico in crescita. La scarsità dei terreni, in particolare in zone densamente popolate e dall’elevata domanda energetica, è una delle principali sfide per lo sviluppo del fotovoltaico a terra. Le superfici degli oceani rappresentano aree vaste, spesso vicine ai centri da cui proviene la domanda (quali le grandi città), e rappresentano quindi un grande potenziale per la produzione energetica attraverso pannelli fotovoltaici galleggianti. I sistemi fotovoltaici galleggianti vicini alla costa e in mare aperto sono ancora in una fase iniziale, a causa delle ulteriori sfide poste da condizioni più esigenti in mare. Il progetto BOOST, finanziato dall’UE, affronterà queste sfide con un sistema ispirato in parte alla tecnologia galleggiante e di ormeggio per l’itticoltura, impiegata da 20 anni nelle difficili acque norvegesi, combinato a una membrana idro-elastica galleggiante rivoluzionaria e brevettata.
Obiettivo
Solar photovoltaic (PV) has become the world’s fastest-growing energy technology, with an annual global market surpassing for the first time in 2018 the 100 Gigawatt (GW) level and cumulative capacity of 583.5 GW in 2019. However, in order to produce large amounts of energy and to avoid increased energy transmission costs, solar power plants must be located close to the demand centres. Yet, it is a problem to require vast surfaces of land near densely populated areas where the power is consumed. This is specially a problem in Europe, which by far has the smallest average size of a solar PV plant in the world.
Floating PV (FPV) plants have opened up new opportunities for facing these land restrictions. Nevertheless, this market is currently concentrated in reservoirs and lakes. Offshore and near-shore FPV systems are still in a nascent stage due to additional challenges faced by non-sheltered sea conditions: waves and winds are stronger, implying that mooring, anchoring and dynamic load capacity becomes even more critical due to the increased frequency of high wave- and wind-loads.
The BOOST will address these challenges with a new FPV system partly inspired by the floating and mooring technology that has been used over 20 years in rough Norwegian waters by the fish farming industry, combined with a disruptive and patented floating hydro-elastic membrane (<1mm thickness). The hydro-elastic membrane is attached to an outer perimeter of buoyant tubing so that the floater is not dragged under by the mooring, even in strong currents, winds and waves, similar to the effect of oil on troubled water. The validation of this technology in non-sheltered sea waters lead consortium expects to reach an installed capacity of 1,750 MW for the 5 years (6.2% of the SAM), contributing to avoid CO2 emission of 4,120 kt (but each PV plant will last for at least 25 years, so the long-term impact is 5 times larger). It will generate to the consortium accumulated profits above €94m.
Campo scientifico
Parole chiave
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
IA - Innovation actionCoordinatore
1360 Fornebu
Norvegia
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