The current state-of-the-art processes for recovering PMs includes synthesizing adsorbents with specific ligands that exhibit selectivity, adopting the technique of ion imprinting to synthesize materials with cavities, and ionic barrier materials that require adjusting the pH of the metal solutions to achieve the desired separation results. With the innovation of successfully creating ionic barrier adsorbents with inherently high internal pH for selective recovery of PMs, this project can progress beyond state-of-the-art and help to address some of the limitations of the present techniques. Here, the high pH gradient is enabled by the strategic formulation of water/MeOH to control the release of salt, however, progress in state-of-the-art could further lead to immobilization of inorganic alkaline materials. In this research, PDADMAC and PSS were used, however, different types of polyelectrolytes can be explored. Moreover, evolving innovation suggests that introduction of a third polyelectrolyte, such as the case of adding PEI into the PDADMAC/PSS binary system at the complexation stage could provide extra relaxation and improve chain mobility and tunability. Therefore, future state-of-the-art approaches may thoroughly examine ternary systems as part of optimization efforts towards improving processability of the binary PEC systems.
This project holds significant social importance owing to its potential to address pressing environmental and public health issues related to pollution. It supports the effort toward environmental sustainability and carbon neutrality through circularity of e-wastes, potentially fulfilling some of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDGs 3 and 6. Particularly, the social significance of the project includes promotion of public health, environmental conservation, opportunities for local and EU regional businesses including NGOs that are focused on environmental protection activities. The international significance includes technological innovation and advancement, fostering of international collaboration. Finally, dissemination of the knowledge generated from the project can promote global adoption of sustainable waste treatment practices, foster international collaboration and shape policy making.
