Projektbeschreibung
Das Phänomen der Bürgerkriege im Europa des 20. Jahrhunderts
Zwischen 1914 und 1949 sind in Europa zahlreiche Bürgerkriege ausgebrochen. Trotz der vielen Analysen und der Literatur zu diesen Kriegen wurde bisher nur wenig vergleichende Forschung in diesem Bereich durchgeführt. Das EU-finanzierte Projekt CivilWars zielt darauf ab, diese Lücke zu schließen und die exzeptionalistischen Ansätze zu Bürgerkrieg zu hinterfragen. Das Projekt vertritt die Ansicht, dass diese Kriege nur als Phänomen innerhalb eines europaweiten Kontextes wirklich verstanden werden können, und nicht als alleinstehende, einzigartige Vorfälle. CivilWars wird die Ursprünge, Verläufe und Vermächtnisse der Bürgerkriege in Europa erforschen, insbesondere derer in Finnland, Griechenland, Irland, Russland und Spanien. So soll die Frage beantwortet werden, warum so viele Bürgerkriege in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts in Europa ausgebrochen sind.
Ziel
In the first half of the twentieth century, Europe experienced an unparalleled number of civil wars resulting in millions of deaths. Civil war, as much as inter-state war, was a defining feature of the period for many European societies, from Ireland in the west and Russia in the east, to Finland in the north and Spain and Greece in the south. Since the 1990s, a rich and increasingly sophisticated body of literature has emerged on individual incidents of civil war, ranging from military studies to social and cultural analyses. However, remarkably little comparative work has been undertaken on civil wars in this period. Even fewer studies have explored the connections between them – be it transfers of people, ideas, or practices – beyond their ideological tropes. This has resulted in a tacit assumption of exceptionalism, whereby each civil war is assumed to have been unique and self-perpetuating without any serious attempt to explain why that was so. This project challenges exceptionalist approaches to civil war. While it recognises that significant differences in causes, forms, and/or aftermaths existed between individual civil wars, it argues that those civil wars can only be fully understood as a phenomenon within a pan-European context. The project will therefore investigate the origins, courses, and legacies of European civil wars through a fully integrated team of scholars with complementary expertise on the Russian, Finnish, Irish, Spanish and Greek cases. This will enable comparison between these different conflicts, but it will also go beyond the nation-centric tendencies of comparative approaches to arrive at a better understanding of what made the first half of the twentieth century an era of civil wars in Europe.
Wissenschaftliches Gebiet
Programm/Programme
- HORIZON.1.1 - European Research Council (ERC) Main Programme
Thema/Themen
Finanzierungsplan
HORIZON-AG - HORIZON Action Grant Budget-BasedGastgebende Einrichtung
4 Dublin
Irland