Beyond mapping of the human brain: causal deconstruction of brain mechanisms underlying complex social behaviors

Projektbeschreibung

Die sozialen Geheimnisse des Gehirns überdenken

Unsere Fähigkeit, soziale Informationen zu verstehen und darauf zu reagieren, ist für den individuellen Erfolg und das gesellschaftliche Wohlergehen von entscheidender Bedeutung. Ungeachtet dieser Wichtigkeit weisen die Menschen in ihrer Fähigkeit, soziale Signale verarbeiten zu können, erhebliche Unterschiede auf. Die Gründe für diese Abweichungen sind nach wie vor unklar, insbesondere was die Funktion der großräumigen Interaktionen zwischen den Gehirnnetzwerken betrifft. Diese Interaktionen zu verstehen, könnte wichtige Erkenntnisse über soziales Verhalten und dessen Störungen liefern. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird das Team des ERC-finanzierten Projekts BeyondMapping die neuronalen Mechanismen der sozialen Informationsverarbeitung erkunden. Mit fortgeschrittenen Instrumenten wie dem Ultrahochfeld-fMRT und dem verdeckten Neurofeedback werden die Forschenden die Dynamik der Gehirnnetzwerke und ihre Auswirkungen auf soziale Kompetenzen untersuchen, um letztlich Fortschritte bei der personalisierten Behandlung von sozialen Störungen zu erzielen.

Ziel

Social information pervades every aspect of our lives, and our ability to process it and respond appropriately is essential to our success as individuals and of society as a whole. Despite its critical importance, there are profound individual differences in social processing abilities. The key to understanding this variance may lie beyond isolated cortical regions, in the poorly understood large-scale interactions between different cortical networks which facilitate the integration of information and the execution of complex tasks. We propose a novel framework, designed to introduce new tools to the study of some of the most fundamental questions in social neuroscience: are there dedicated brain mechanisms for the processing of social information? What goes wrong in social information processing disorders, and how does social information processing relate to social anxiety? Do these abilities fluctuate over long time scales (years)? Can we predict their change? We will create new behavioral tasks to tease apart social task elements, and objectively estimate individual social processing abilities using our innovative measure of typicality. We will quantify individual differences in performance on social tasks, and identify the variance in neural activity which predicts them from a wide range of network features at the high resolution of ultra-high field 7 Tesla fMRI. This will yield testable hypotheses about the links between networks and social behavior. Finally and most crucially, to test these hypotheses, we will use covert neurofeedback, a cutting-edge technique which I have been developing, to perturb the networks, establishing their causal contribution to behavior.
The combination of novel behavioral, neurocomputational, and above all perturbation tools for testing causality, will provide insights which will profoundly impact our understanding of social information processing in health, and advance the reality of personalized treatment of social disorders.