Periodic Reporting for period 1 - QUADRATURE (SCALABLE MULTI-CHIP QUANTUM ARCHITECTURES ENABLED BY CRYOGENIC WIRELESS / QUANTUM -COHERENT NETWORK-IN PACKAGE)
Okres sprawozdawczy: 2023-06-01 do 2024-05-31
Today’s tremendous interdisciplinary effort towards building a quantum computer promises to tackle problems beyond reach of any classical computer. Although intermediate-scale quantum computers have been demonstrated to exceed the capability of the most powerful supercomputers (quantum advantage), it is widely recognized that addressing any real-world problem will require upscaling quantum computers to thousands or even millions of qubits. QUADRATURE focuses on the grand challenge of scalability in quantum computers, from a full- stack architectural standpoint, and enabled by communication networks operating within the quantum computing package at cryogenic temperatures. This project hence aims to pioneer a new generation of scalable quantum computing architectures featuring distributed quantum cores (Qcores) interconnected via quantum-coherent qubit state transfer links and orchestrated via an integrated wireless interconnect. This novel architecture supports reconfigurability to serve massive flows of heterogeneous quantum algorithmic demands.
The main objectives are:
1. To experimentally prove the first micro-integrated all-RF qubit-state transfer link within a cryogenic tunable superconducting cavity waveguide in the microwave and THz frequency region for quantum-coherent frequency-multiplex and routing.
2. To achieve experimentally the transfer of classical data through wireless in-package links by integrated cryo-antennas and tranceivers;
3. To build protocols for a quantum-coherent integrated network enabling the exchange of qubits through the coordination of the quantum-coherent data plane and the wireless control plane;
4. To develop appropriate scalable architectural methods such as mapping, scheduling, and coordination approaches across multiple Qcores;
5. To demonstrate the scalability of the approach via multi-scale design space optimization and for a set of quantum algorithm benchmarks, with at least 10x improvement in overall performance.
QUADRATURE will pave the way to scalable quantum computing systems needed for unleashing the enormous potential of quantum computing in scientific and technological fields such as chemistry, material science, and artificial intelligence (AI).
The main objectives are:
1. To experimentally prove the first micro-integrated all-RF qubit-state transfer link within a cryogenic tunable superconducting cavity waveguide in the microwave and THz frequency region for quantum-coherent frequency-multiplex and routing.
2. To achieve experimentally the transfer of classical data through wireless in-package links by integrated cryo-antennas and tranceivers;
3. To build protocols for a quantum-coherent integrated network enabling the exchange of qubits through the coordination of the quantum-coherent data plane and the wireless control plane;
4. To develop appropriate scalable architectural methods such as mapping, scheduling, and coordination approaches across multiple Qcores;
5. To demonstrate the scalability of the approach via multi-scale design space optimization and for a set of quantum algorithm benchmarks, with at least 10x improvement in overall performance.
QUADRATURE will pave the way to scalable quantum computing systems needed for unleashing the enormous potential of quantum computing in scientific and technological fields such as chemistry, material science, and artificial intelligence (AI).
Developing a multi-core scalable quantum computer requires the collaboration of several groups with complementary expertise that include quantum hardware, cryo-CMOS, quantum computer architecture, wireless network-on-chip, integrated antennas, RF trancesiver SOCs and quantum algorithms/applications. This first period of the project has been mostly devoted to the definition of specifications and modelling several parts of the quantum computing system and the development of related simulation methods and tools.
The main achievements of the project in this first 12 months can be summarised as follows:
- Demonstrating qubit-state transfer between different cores:
o Definition of the quantum coherent communication channel specifications, targeting a Q factor for the coupling cavity of at least 10^6 and an operation temperature of around 4K.
o A first analytic modeling of the quantum cavity channel (superconductive cavity).
o An analytic model for the quantum transfer process for the swap of spin states.
-Transfer of classical data hrough wireless in-package links:
o Specifications of the RF transceiver have been redefined.
o Mapping of the transceiver specifications to a specific circuit architecture by adopting the free-space wireless channel and off-chip antennas around 28 GHz.
- Protocols for a quantum-coherent integrated network:
o An EM field-solver numerical characterization methodology for wireless propagation within the quantum computer package has been fully set in place.
o Assessment of the wireless link performance starting to explore the different layers of the wireless stack from the bottom up.
o A methodology to model the quantum-coherent state transfer link has been proposed.
o A simulation tool has been proposed aimed at classical communications.
- Innovative scalable architectural methods such as mapping and scheduling:
o Characterization of quantum circuits that includes entanglement properties, circuit size parameters, and structural characteristics.
o Novel quantum circuit mapping techniques have been developed for entanglement-based and chiplet-based multi-core architectures.
- Demonstrate the scalability of the QUADRATURE approach:
o Definition of design parameters and metric ranges relevant for the future structured exploration of multi-Qcore architectures.
o A proposal of the tensor network formalism for modeling and simulating multi-core communication-enabled quantum systems.
o First models for Design Space Exploration (DSE) and its application at the device level for the communication primitive.
The main achievements of the project in this first 12 months can be summarised as follows:
- Demonstrating qubit-state transfer between different cores:
o Definition of the quantum coherent communication channel specifications, targeting a Q factor for the coupling cavity of at least 10^6 and an operation temperature of around 4K.
o A first analytic modeling of the quantum cavity channel (superconductive cavity).
o An analytic model for the quantum transfer process for the swap of spin states.
-Transfer of classical data hrough wireless in-package links:
o Specifications of the RF transceiver have been redefined.
o Mapping of the transceiver specifications to a specific circuit architecture by adopting the free-space wireless channel and off-chip antennas around 28 GHz.
- Protocols for a quantum-coherent integrated network:
o An EM field-solver numerical characterization methodology for wireless propagation within the quantum computer package has been fully set in place.
o Assessment of the wireless link performance starting to explore the different layers of the wireless stack from the bottom up.
o A methodology to model the quantum-coherent state transfer link has been proposed.
o A simulation tool has been proposed aimed at classical communications.
- Innovative scalable architectural methods such as mapping and scheduling:
o Characterization of quantum circuits that includes entanglement properties, circuit size parameters, and structural characteristics.
o Novel quantum circuit mapping techniques have been developed for entanglement-based and chiplet-based multi-core architectures.
- Demonstrate the scalability of the QUADRATURE approach:
o Definition of design parameters and metric ranges relevant for the future structured exploration of multi-Qcore architectures.
o A proposal of the tensor network formalism for modeling and simulating multi-core communication-enabled quantum systems.
o First models for Design Space Exploration (DSE) and its application at the device level for the communication primitive.
During the period M1-M12, the consortium members contributed to a total of 20 publications of which 5 are journal articles, 10 conference publications and 5 pre-pints. Note that 12 of them are joint publications including a consortium-wide invited position paper.
In addition, the consortium members took part in 13 scientific events (debate panel, invited talks/lectures, workshops).
We have identified over 13 potential innovative ideas spanning various key areas of our R&D collaboration, including hardware and software components. These ideas hold significant potential. Currently, all these ideas are in the development stage and will need to undergo a feasibility review to determine the best strategies for implementation and to define the most effective ways to protect this intellectual property.
In addition, the consortium members took part in 13 scientific events (debate panel, invited talks/lectures, workshops).
We have identified over 13 potential innovative ideas spanning various key areas of our R&D collaboration, including hardware and software components. These ideas hold significant potential. Currently, all these ideas are in the development stage and will need to undergo a feasibility review to determine the best strategies for implementation and to define the most effective ways to protect this intellectual property.