Periodontitis is one of the world's most prevalent chronic dental and maxillofacial diseases that will ultimately lead to unwanted tooth loss. This disease was responsible for a significant loss of 158.64 billion in Europe in 2018. Autograft and allograft-based methods have been long used for restoring the lost supportive periodontal tissues. However, these methods also have significant limitations, such as morbidity at the donor site, painful secondary infections, rejection of the donor tissue. Due to the limitations, the efficiency of these procedures is notably affected. Different polymeric hydrogels have been reported beneficial for periodontal tissue regeneration application. However, the application of the polymeric biomaterials/membranes have also limitations, such as inadequate physiochemical properties, low porosity, low stiffness, and lack of stability. In this context, multiphasic scaffold with different non-mineralized and mineralized layers have been advised for its efficiency found in periodontal tissue regeneration. Till now, most of the reported hydrogels for periodontal regeneration lack the specific physico-mechanical and biological properties that are highly desirable. MultiphaseGTR focuses on the development of bioactive multiphase hydrogel-based bio-membrane with high porosity, mechanical property, antimicrobial and cell biological property for periodontal regeneration. To achieve this, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was biofunctionalized by lactic acid (MCC-LA). The physico-chemical characterization of MCC-LA indicated that LA was successfully grafted on the MCC. MCC-LA reinforced multiphasic hydrogels were developed. The hydrogel based nonmineralized bio-membranes were prepared with biosafe crosslinking agents. The developed non-mineralized hydrogels were mineralized to achieve calcium carbonate mineralized multiphasic hydrogel. The multiphasic hydrogels showed a compressive modulus like periodontal tissue. Moreover, hydrogels were found antimicrobial in nature. The cell viability was also found higher for multiphasic hydrogels. Hence, based on these results, it can be concluded that, these multiphasic hydrogels have the potentiality to utilize in periodontal tissue regeneration application. However, further studies like detailed gene expression analysis, proteomics analysis are required to explore its efficiency in guided tissue regeneration application.
