Autoimmune diseases are the result when the immune system targets its own organs and tissues. We recently described a specific group of autoimmune diseases, termed "IgG4-mediated autoimmune diseases" (IgG4-AID), which are caused by a specific antibody type, IgG4. These diseases can affect different organs, including the brain, nerves, and muscles, and while each is rare, together they impact an estimated half a million people across the European Union. Patients often experience delayed diagnosis, limited treatment options, and relapses despite therapy, leading to long-term health problems and reduced quality of life.
The IgG4 subclass has unique biological properties that distinguish it from other antibodies. Instead of activating the immune system, IgG4 interferes with cellular communication and tissue integrity, representing a new paradigm in autoimmunity. It is unclear why the immune system produces harmful IgG4 antibodies, and current treatments rely on non-specific immunosuppression or plasma exchange, which are not equally effective for all patients and may cause serious side effects.
The IgG4-TREAT addressees knowledge gaps by combining scientific excellence and interdisciplinary training within a EU research network. Experts in neuroimmunology, molecular biology, and clinical sciences collaborate to uncover the cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms driving pathogenic IgG4 antibodies. By analysing patient samples and advanced molecular profiling, the consortium aims to identify disease drivers and biomarkers that can guide the development of new, targeted therapies. Further, IgG4-TREAT aims to develop a new disease model and an innovative therapeutic approach capable of selectively removing harmful IgG4 antibodies without affecting beneficial ones.
Beyond its scientific objectives, IgG4-TREAT is dedicated to train the next generation of scientists by offering an innovative training programme. The project fosters responsible and inclusive research practices, including sustainable laboratory work, gender equality, resilience in academia, and open science. By integrating advanced research with high-quality training, IgG4-TREAT contributes to improved understanding and treatment of rare autoimmune diseases, enhances diagnostic precision, and strengthens EU leadership in biomedical innovation. The long-term impact is expected to include better patient outcomes, improved healthcare, and new opportunities for biomedical innovation across Europe.
