CulturalRoad has carried out a review of existing standards and pilots: this report studied fourteen European projects to find common ground and challenges related to deployment of CCAM in different regulatory and geographical environments.
A two-step cocreation framework has been developed, where the first step engages stakeholders and the second step engages the public.
Research to date has focused on developing the draft pillars for the five pointed rating system:
Inclusivity Pillar, the aim is to evaluate the degree to which CCAMs designs or implementations account for the needs of disadvantaged populations and follow ethical principles. Dimensions covered: spatial-temporal accessibility, physical accessibility, digital accessibility, affordability, actual security/safety measures, other ethical issues
Network Optimization Pillar, the aims are to design transport networks that support safe, efficient, and precise CCAM operation, ensuring equitable and diverse access. It does this through analytical models of routing /optimization and simulations of large-scale networks, optimization, schedule- and frequency-based services, CCAM as a first-/last-mile service.
Acceptance Pillar, the aim is to evaluate the degree to which different cultural and geographical user groups will accept and adopt CCAM solutions. Literature shows the following factors to influence CCAM acceptance: Attitudinal factors: social norms, economic conditions, attitudes towards technology, technology literacy, and performance efficiency; Sociodemographic factors: age, gender, education, employment, income, ethnicity, family size, driving experience and vehicle ownership. CulturalRoad has developed a 2-part travel behaviour survey in collaboration with the Psychological Factors Pillar to quantify the influence of attitudinal and sociodemographic characteristics on CCAM acceptance in all Pilot cities of the project. The survey has been developed using formalised methods belonging to the class of Technology Acceptance Models (TAMs) and the Stated Preference (SP) modelling framework.
Safety Pillar, the aim is to ensure that CCAM systems deliver demonstrable and equitable safety benefits by minimizing crash risks through reliable V2X communication, robust cybersecurity, user trust and risk awareness, and infrastructure readiness that supports safe outcomes for all road users. Like the Network Optimisation Pillar, analytical and simulation models are used. Along with data-driven analysis using crash databases, telematics, and simulation tools (AIMSUN, SSAM)
Psychological Factors Pillar aim to examine how psychological factors such as trust in automation, perceived safety, and affinity for technology shape user engagement with CCAM across diverse cultural and geographical contexts. Literature shows the following factors to influence user interaction with CCAM systems: Psychological factors: trust in automation, perceived safety, perceived risk, affinity for technology and personality and Country-related factors: sociability, inquisitiveness, unconventionality, and uncertainty avoidance. Methodology: Developed jointly with the Acceptance Pillar, our survey integrates TPB and TAM constructs to capture psychological determinants of CCAM engagement. Data will be analysed through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to examine interrelations among key factors across pilot cities.
