An ischaemic stroke is the most common type of stroke and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. The arteries that supply the brain with blood become clogged by clots. This kills the cells at the centre of the stroke and puts those nearby at great risk. The longer the brain suffers from oxygen and blood deficiency, the more serious the consequences, and the more brain tissue will die. Emergency treatment must therefore get rid of the blocked arteries as quickly as possible.
Within PROOF twelve clinical centres in eight European countries will test whether the consequences of stroke can be reduced by rapidly applying high-dose oxygen therapy.
The high-dose oxygen therapy is very simple and low-cost. The patient, after having been diagnosed with an ischemic stroke after their scan, wears a mask through which they inhale almost pure oxygen at a flow of 40 litres per minute. This keeps the oxygen content in the blood as high as it can be.
The aim is to ensure that the surrounding brain tissue at risk, which will have less oxygen but is not yet dead, is stabilized by the high oxygen content coming in. This continues until the clot is removed and the blood circulation is improved again. The treatment therefore aims at the so-called “shadow zones” of the stroke, sometimes called the “rescue zones”. These may include the entire stroke area in some patients.
PROOF is the first trial to thoroughly investigate high-dose oxygenation in stroke patients. If it proves that the brain can be saved by this, it could also bring great benefits to patients who are not near a clinic where stroke can be treated and who have longer access times to emergency care.
